Polytene chromosomes normal.
Mutation in the coding region.
joint & antenna | somatic clone
ctC145 mutant clones at the ureter region contain both ectopic Pros-positive enteroendocrine-like cells and ectopic Pdm1-positive enterocyte-like cells, as compared to controls.
An increased frequency of ctC145 mutant wing disc clones (induced during either the second or third instar larval stages) respect the interface between boundary and non-boundary cell compared to wild type.
Cell polarity is not affected in ctC145 mutant embryos.
Homozygous clones in the antenna can result in defects in the joint cuticle at the a2/a3 joint. In antenna with large homozygous clones, the internal cuticular structures are completely absent. When the aristae of these mutants are stimulated with a paintbrush or forceps, a3 does not rotate within a2.
Animals containing homozygous clones in the antenna show a lower amplitude response in the antennal nerve (similar to background noise) than wild-type flies in response to a pulse-song, indicating that they are deaf.
Scolopidia form in homozygous clones in the pupal antenna, but they are abnormal in their organisation and reduced in number compared to wild type. In adults carrying large homozygous clones in the antenna, neurons and scolopale cells are rarely seen within a2. Vacuolated degenerated cells are present in a3.
Adults carrying large homozygous clones in the antenna show an incompletely penetrant phenotype involving transformation of the arista to tarsal identity; in 8% of cases the arista is partially transformed to distal leg, while in 11% of cases the transformation is more complete and includes tarsal claws.
Homozygous ctC145 mutant clones display a marked reduction of dendrite outgrowth and branching. Dendritic termini are concentrated nearer to the cell body than in wild-type.
Lateral antennal lobe projection neurons (lPN) in ctC145 homozygous somatic clones fail to target DMA, DM2 and VA5 antennal glomeruli. Mis-targeted lPN dendrites are biased towards more lateral glomeruli than in wild-type. The number of ventral antennal projection neurons (vPN) is severely reduced in these clones and those remaining mis-target their dendrites to the subesophageal ganglion. ctScer\UAS.cPa; Scer\GAL4GH146 completely rescues the targeting of DMA, DM2 and VA5 by lPN in these animals but fails to rescue the decrease in vPN cell number and only partially rescues vPN targeting VA1lm but not to DA1.
When single cell clones are made in multidendritic neurons show a dramatic defect in higher order branching and elongation, resulting in a highly reduced dendritic field. ddaA neurons show slightly less extreme phenotypes than ddaF. ddaA do not have 'spikes'. ldaB occasionally show a severe growth phenotype, but more often show an absence or severe reduction in total dendritic length and number of branch points. A lack of spikes is also the dominant phenotype of v'pda. ddaC neurons show decreased branching and elongation, though the severity of these defects are highly variable. The most severely affected neurons extend a 'skeleton' of the normal arbor with a complete loss of higher order branches and a reduced overall dendrite length. ddaB show a severe and completely penetrant decrease in dendrite growth. ldaA and the ventral neurons show variable reductions in branching. However ddaD and ddaE show normal dendrite morphologies.
In egg chambers containing ctC145 homozygous follicle cell clones, nurse cells with two nuclei and a spot of filamentous actin containing material can be found. These binucleate cells can be found at any position and among any of the nurse cells in the egg chamber. Most of the affected egg chambers contain a single binucleate cell, although occasionally more than one binucleate cell is present. Occasionally more than two nuclei are seen in a single cell. A clone in which approximately 25-30% of follicle cells are homozygous for ctC145 is sufficient to produce an egg chamber with binucleate cells. Binucleate cells are not seen prior to stage 5 and are observable in stage 10 egg chambers as soon as 4 days after clonal induction. In egg chambers containing binucleate cells, ring canals at various stages of degeneration are seen, ranging from free-floating, detached, round ring canals to dense actin-containing spots. The total number of normal ring canals and degenerating ring canal remnants in these egg chambers is 15, suggesting that there is no net change in the number of cystoblast cytokineses.
Egg chambers containing somatic clones of homozygous ctC145 cells exhibit a number of phenotypes. The homozygous clones in the follicle epithelium contain 2 to 5 times fewer cells than their corresponding wild-type twin clones. The cells in the clone and their nuclei are larger than surrounding heterozygous or wild-type cells. 44% of ovarioles studied 7 days after induction of the somatic clones contain germaria that are greatly reduced in size or absent. 4 days after induction of the somatic clones, more than 50% of stage 6 and older egg chambers contain nurse cells with multiple nuclei. These egg chambers contain at least 30% homozygous ctC145 follicle cells. 7-14 days after induction of the somatic clones, egg chambers containing abnormal numbers of germline derived nuclei are seen. This phenotype is seen in less than 1% of cases.
Convergence-extension movements in the Malpighian tubules are prevented.
Lethal in combination with ctL188.
Homozygous embryos do not form es organs (FBrf0045757). In the presence of P{hsp(sE)-poxn} embryos still do not form any detectable external sensory organs.
Embryonic muscle phenotype wild type.
Lethality occurs during embryonic and early larval stages. Transformation of es organs to ch-like, scolopales are visible and external structures are missing. ch neurons are the same as in wild type.
es organs are transformed to as ch identity, scolopales are present.
Homozygous embryos lack Malpighian tubules and the gut wall is 3--4 fold thicker than wild type at the junction of the posterior and anterior midgut.
Sense organ es to ch transformation.
ctC145 has visible | somatic clone phenotype, enhanceable by ssa
ctC145 has abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Lim1UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4GH146
Df(1)sd72b, ctC145 has visible | dominant phenotype
Df(3R)Tl-P, ctC145 has partially lethal phenotype
ctC145 has arista | somatic clone phenotype, enhanceable by ssa
ctC145 has leg | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype, enhanceable by ssa
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)JC70/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)RA2/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)KA14/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N105/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)JA26/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)30A-C/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by +/Df(2R)44CE
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)eve/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)or-BR6/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)M60E/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)GN50/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)GN24/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)66C-G28/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)AC1/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)W4/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)Antp17/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)P14/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)Tl-P/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)otu-PΔ1/+
ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype, enhanceable by otu[+]/otu11
ctC145 has epidermal cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by crb8F105
ctC145 has phenotype, non-enhanceable by chic[+]/chick13321
ctC145 has phenotype, non-enhanceable by chick13321
ctC145 has antennal lobe projection neuron vPN | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Lim1UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4GH146
ctC145 has epidermal cell phenotype, non-suppressible by crb8F105
ct[+]/ctC145 is a suppressor of egg chamber phenotype of Nl1N-ts1
ctC145 is a suppressor of Malpighian tubule phenotype of shgg317
LIMK1agn-ts3, ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype
capu1, ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype
capu1, ctC145 has nurse cell ring canal phenotype
capu2, ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype
capu2, ctC145 has nurse cell ring canal phenotype
Df(1)sd72b, ctC145 has wing phenotype
Df(1)A209, ctC145 has macrochaeta phenotype
capuHK3, ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype
Antp2, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp73b, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
AntpCB, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
AntpCB, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
AntpR, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
AntpR, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
AntpWu, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
AntpWu, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp2, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp25, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp11, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp11, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp16, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp16, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp25, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp22, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp22, ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp11, ctL188/ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Antp11, ctL188/ctC145 has dorsal prothorax phenotype
Antp73b, ctC145 has humeral bristle phenotype
Polr2Bwimp, ctC145 has germline cyst phenotype
Polr2Bwimp, ctC145 has egg chamber phenotype
Polr2Bwimp, ctC145 has germline cell | female phenotype
Lim1Scer\UAS.cTa; Scer\GAL4GH146 does not suppress the reduction in ventral antennal lobe projection neuron (vPN) numbers seen in ctC145/ctC145 somatic clones but does partially rescue the defects in targeting to antennal glomeruli seen in these neurons. Targeting defects in lateral antennal lobe projection neurons (lPN) in these clones are not rescued by Lim1Scer\UAS.cTa; Scer\GAL4GH146.
ctC145/+ ; capu1/+ and ctC145/+ ; capu2/+ double heterozygotes produce egg chambers with binucleate cells. The majority of egg chambers contain a single binucleate cell, although occasionally more than one binucleate cell per egg chamber is seen. The binucleate cells can occur anywhere among the nurse cells and contain remnants of ring canals. The binucleate cells are not seen prior to stage 5. ctC145 produces egg chambers with binucleate cells in double heterozygous combination with a number of deficiencies; Df(1)JC70, Df(1)RA2, Df(1)KA14, Df(1)N105, Df(1)JA26, Df(2L)30A-C, Df(2R)44CE, Df(2R)eve, Df(2R)or-BR6, Df(2R)M60E, Df(3L)GN50, Df(3L)GN24, Df(3L)66C-G28, Df(3L)AC1, Df(3L)W4, Df(3R)Antp17, Df(3R)P14, Df(1)otu-PΔ1 and Df(3R)Tl-P. capuHK3 does not interact with ctC145 in a doubly heterozygous background, although it does enhance the frequency of binucleate cell production in the egg chambers of ctC145/ctL188 animals. Src64BΔ17, qua9, Egfrf24, Btk29Ak00206, spir1, spir2, arm4/+, chic07886/+ or chick13321/+ do not interact with ctC145/ctL188. Dominantly enhances the wing notching phenotype seen in Df(1)N-8/+ flies; notches are deeper and more frequent. Double heterozygotes with Df(1)sd72b show a wing notching phenotype. ctC145/Df(1)A209 flies have shortened and tapered bristles. ctC145/+ ; otu11/+ egg chambers contain binucleate cells. The majority of egg chambers contain a single binucleate cell, which can be positioned anywhere in the egg chamber, although occasionally more than one binucleate cell per egg chamber is seen. ctC145/agn1 females placed at the restrictive temperature (29oC) for 5 days have egg chambers which contain binucleate cells (1-5% of all egg chambers).
Egg chambers of ctL188/ctC145 females sometimes contain two diploid nuclei, and the distribution of ring canals may be abnormal. Ovaries from ctC145/+ ; RpII140wimp/+ females contain egg chambers with an abnormal number of germline cells and show cyst encapsulation defects. No multinucleate cells are seen in the egg chambers.
ctC145 is partially rescued by ctUAS.cPa/Scer\GAL4GH146
Lefevre.
lethal II cut phenotypic class.
A cut lethal II phenotypic class allele. ctC145 failed to complement ctlS2, ctL188, ctL221 and ctL242.
Germline clonal analysis indicates that ct function is not required in the germline during oogenesis.