FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\shg[1]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\shg¹

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0015608

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\shg

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

shg^IG29, shg^IG

Key Links

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Tepass et al., 1996)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

adherens junction | late third instar larval stage | somatic clone

(Gold and Brand, 2014)

apical part of cell | cell autonomous | pupal stage | somatic clone

(Le Borgne et al., 2002)

border follicle cell & filopodium | somatic clone

(Fulga and Rorth, 2002)

border follicle cell & filopodium | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous

(Fulga and Rorth, 2002)

border follicle cell | somatic clone

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

cyst progenitor cell

(Voog et al., 2008)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | lateral

(Sanson et al., 1996)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | ventral

(Sanson et al., 1996)

embryonic head

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

female germline stem cell | decreased number

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

follicle cell, with shg^{Δβ.αTub84B}

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

follicle cell | somatic clone

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

germarium region 1

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

head

(Sanson et al., 1996)

larval outer optic anlage | late third instar larval stage | somatic clone

(Gold and Brand, 2014)

male germline stem cell

(Voog et al., 2008)

mesothoracic tergum | cell autonomous | pupal stage | somatic clone

(Le Borgne et al., 2002)

nurse cell | germline clone

(White et al., 1998)

nurse cell ring canal | germline clone

(White et al., 1998)

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, shg^{dCR3h.UAS.sgGFP}

(Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006)

oocyte | germline clone

(Pacquelet et al., 2003, Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1998, White et al., 1998)

oocyte | somatic clone

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

optic lobe neuroepithelial cell | late third instar larval stage | somatic clone

(Gold and Brand, 2014)

sensory mother cell | somatic clone

(Le Borgne et al., 2002)

wing disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

(Wei et al., 2005)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

shg¹ heterozygous females show fewer germline stem cells per niche in the germarium.

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

shg¹ somatic clones in an otherwise wild-type background are excluded from the neuroepithelium, form rosettes beneath the outer optic anlage and undergo apoptosis in late third instar larvae. shg¹ mutant cells do not show signs of differentiation or neurogenesis.

(Gold and Brand, 2014)

In contrast to wild-type, shg¹ mutant germline stem cell and somatic stem cell clones are not maintained in the testis. However, progeny of shg¹ mutant somatic stem cells do contribute to the apical hub at a frequency similar to progeny from wild-type somatic stem cells.

(Voog et al., 2008)

The ommatidial under-rotation of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev>shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} eyes is enhanced in flies with a shg¹/+ background.

(Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006)

Clones mutant for shg¹ in the imaginal wing disc have a roundish smooth shape and their cells are apically constricted.

(Wei et al., 2005)

Homozygous mutant embryos lack a head and ventral epidermis, which results in a lack of head and ventral cuticle. When homozygous somatic clones are made in nurse cells or border cells, the border cells are prevented from penetrating between nurse cells. The oocyte is also often mislocalized in clones, both germ-line clones and somatic clones in the follicle cells. When somatic clones are made in the follicle cells, mutant cells sort away from wild-type generating a smooth boundary at the interface.

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

Border cells in ovaries where the nurse cells are somatic clones of shg¹, fail to migrate and do not form long (20-40 μm) or intermediate length (10-20 μm) cellular extensions. This is also the case for border cells that are part of a shg¹ somatic clone, whether or not the adjacent nurse cells are also shg¹ mutant.

(Fulga and Rorth, 2002)

When homozygous somatic clones are made in the thoracic epithelium, mutant cells have a smaller apical surface than their wild-type neighbours. Apical-basal polarity is defective in these cells.

(Le Borgne et al., 2002)

Homozygous female germ line clones give rise to egg chambers with misplaced oocytes in 73% of cases. Region 2 cysts never stretch across the whole width of the germarium, thereby preventing the positioning of the oocyte in the centre of the flattened disk. The oocyte occupies random positions in these cysts. The misplaced oocytes are properly determined and have a normal karyosome. The oocyte is misplaced in 23% of mosaic cysts which contain a homozygous clone that includes the follicle cells at the posterior of the cyst. The misplaced oocyte lies adjacent to the wild-type follicle cells in these mosaic cysts. The oocyte is correctly localised in mosaic cysts where the homozygous clone includes only lateral or anterior follicle cells.

(Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1998)

Eggs chambers of homozygous female germline clones show a number of defects, including mispositioning of the oocyte and disruptions of the actin cytoskeleton (such as floating ring canals). Nurse cells are an irregular size and shape and can be multinucleate. Nurse cell dumping is inhibited.

(White et al., 1998)

shg¹/shg² transheterozygotes exhibit lack of head skeleton, loss of ventral cuticle and the appearance of holes in the lateral cuticle. Heterozygous embryos are completely normal.

(Sanson et al., 1996)

embryonic lethal. Embryonic cuticle has many small holes with necrotic rims. Head grossly distorted. Weak alleles show head defects and irregular flaws in segmentation pattern.

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

shg¹ has decreased cell number | oogenesis | dominant phenotype, non-enhanceable by trol^GD12341/Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

shg[+]/shg¹ is an enhancer of abnormal planar polarity phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, nmo^UAS.cUa

(Mirkovic et al., 2011)

shg¹ is an enhancer of abnormal cell polarity phenotype of S⁰⁵⁶⁷¹

(Brown and Freeman, 2003)

shg¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, arm^UAS.cWa

(Greaves et al., 1999)

shg¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, arm^UAS.cWa

(Greaves et al., 1999)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

shg¹ is a non-enhancer of abnormal planar polarity | adult stage phenotype of Frl^DN.UAS, Scer\GAL4^sev.EP

(Dollar et al., 2016)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

shg¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

shg¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

shg¹ has germarium region 1 phenotype, non-enhanceable by trol^GD12341/Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

shg¹ has female germline stem cell | decreased number phenotype, non-enhanceable by trol^GD12341/Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

shg[+]/shg¹ is an enhancer of germarium cap cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4, trol^GD12341

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

shg[+]/shg¹ is an enhancer of germarium region 1 phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4, trol^GD12341

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

shg[+]/shg¹ is an enhancer of female germline stem cell | decreased number phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bab1-Gal4, trol^GD12341

(Díaz-Torres et al., 2021)

shg[+]/shg¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, nmo^UAS.cUa

(Mirkovic et al., 2011)

shg¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of S⁰⁵⁶⁷¹

(Brown and Freeman, 2003)

shg¹ is an enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, arm^UAS.cWa

(Greaves et al., 1999)

shg¹ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, arm^UAS.cWa

(Greaves et al., 1999)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

shg¹ is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Frl^DN.UAS, Scer\GAL4^sev.EP

(Dollar et al., 2016)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

shg[+]/shg¹ is a suppressor | partially of ommatidium phenotype of ec^spok

(Montrasio et al., 2007)

shg¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

shg¹ is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

Other

Statement

Reference

knk¹, shg¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Gfat1^zep-LP13/zep[+], shg¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

knk¹/knk[+], shg¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Gfat1^zep-LP13, shg¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Presence of shg¹ does not significantly alter eye phenotypes seen in flies with Frl^DN.Scer\UAS driven by Scer\GAL4^sev.EP.

(Dollar et al., 2016)

shg¹/+ enhances the ommatidial over-rotation phenotype which is caused by expression of nmo^Scer\UAS.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev.

(Mirkovic et al., 2011)

The ommatidial rotation defects observed in ec^spok hemizygous adult eyes are partially suppressed by shg¹/+.

(Montrasio et al., 2007)

Heterozygous shg¹, significantly enhances the ommatidial misrotation phenotype seen S⁰⁵⁶⁷¹/+ animals.

(Brown and Freeman, 2003)

37% of shg¹/+ ; knk¹/+ double heterozygous embryos have a fragmented cuticle phenotype. 31% of shg¹/+ ; zep^LP13/+ double heterozygous embryos have a fragmented cuticle phenotype.

(Ostrowski et al., 2002)

Scer\GAL4^arm.PS mediated expression of one or two doses of argos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} fails to rescue the shg¹/shg² mutant phenotype. Scer\GAL4^arm.PS mediated expression of argos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} in shg¹ heterozygotes causes adhesion defects; 10-20% embryos exhibit strong head defects and holes in the ventral cuticle.

(Sanson et al., 1996)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

shg¹ is rescued by shg^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Sanson et al., 1996)

Partially rescued by

shg¹ is partially rescued by shg^{GGG-AAA.αTub84B}

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

shg¹ is partially rescued by shg^{Δβ.αTub84B}

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

shg¹ is partially rescued by shg^αTub84B.PP

(Pacquelet et al., 2003)

Comments

Scer\GAL4^arm.PS mediated expression of shg^Scer\UAS.cSa rescues the cuticle to wild type and rescues most embryos to hatching.

(Sanson et al., 1996)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

58471

w^*; P{FRT(w^hs)}G13 shg¹/CyO; P{Ubi-p63E-shg.GFP}3

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

shg¹⁶²⁹

(Dollar et al., 2016)

shg¹

(Parsons et al., 2023, Díaz-Torres et al., 2021, Hall et al., 2019, Gold and Brand, 2014, Huelsmann et al., 2013)

shg^IG29

(Schäfer et al., 2014, Voog et al., 2008, Wei et al., 2005, Brown and Freeman, 2003, Hemphala et al., 2003, Le Borgne et al., 2002, Cox et al., 2001, Greaves et al., 1999, Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1998, White et al., 1998, Sanson et al., 1996)

shg^IG

(Yu et al., 1999, Tepass et al., 1996, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

shg^Ig29

(Mirkovic et al., 2011, Montrasio et al., 2007, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006)

shotgun^IG29

(Fic et al., 2021)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (27)

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