FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\sqh[AX3]

sqh^AX3 mutant germline clones eventually stop producing egg chambers, but some egg chambers develop until stage 9 of oogenesis, and most of these exhibit polarity defects (i.e. mislocalized Staufen protein; mislocalized Par-1 protein).

sqh^AX3 heterozygotes bearing two copies of sqh^T20A produce oocytes with polarity defects (i.e. mislocalized Staufen protein).

(Doerflinger et al., 2022)

sqh^AX3 mutant clones of cells in the pupal retina have enlarged apical areas compared to controls.

(Letizia et al., 2019)

sqh^AX3 homozygous clonal neuroblasts in the larval brain fail to divide.

(Koe et al., 2018)

sqh^AX3 heterozygotes do not show significant differences in wing size, as compared to controls.

(Xu et al., 2018)

The mitochondria in the neurons of heterozygous sqh^AX3 adult brains are markedly elongated compared to controls.

(Duboff et al., 2012)

Approximately 38% of sqh^AX3/Y stage 16 embryos show laterality defects in the proventriculus and anterior midgut. The laterality of the other parts of the embryonic gut, including the hindgut and the posterior part of the midgut is normal in these mutants. The proventriculus and the anterior midgut do not rotate (as in wild-type) in these mutants at stages 15 to 17.

(Okumura et al., 2010)

Homozygous stage 16 embryos have shorter dorsal trunks than normal, although they are contiguous.

(Chung et al., 2009)

Single cell clones of sqh^AX3 exhibit an increased apical cell area. Adherens junctions in multiple cell clones are intact.

(Warner and Longmore, 2009)

sqh^AX3 mutant follicle cell clones are extremely flat and appear stretched. In many mutant egg chambers there are gaps in the follicular epithelium, suggesting that stretching of the follicle cells eventually disrupts the monolayer. These cells still retain polarity. The shape change found in the mutant follicle cell clones alters the morphology of the egg chamber, with the germ line cyst bulging out in regions covered by sqh^AX3 mutant follicle cells.

sqh^AX3 mutant follicle cell clones show a reduced number of phospho-His3-positive cells, huge nuclei, and abnormally large cells, indicating a defect in cytokinesis.

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

Mutant embryos exhibit defects in germ band elongation.

(Bertet et al., 2004)

When a border cell is homozygous for sqh^AX3 (part of a somatic clone), but is surrounded by wild-type border cells, it migrates with the cluster and sends out long cellular projections. However, such cells are often left behind by the migrating border cell cluster. Left behind mutant cells do not initiate migration on their own, and form abnormally long and convoluted cellular extensions.

(Fulga and Rorth, 2002)

Homozygous clones in the mushroom body result in proliferation defects in neuroblasts.

(Billuart et al., 2001)

Most homozygotes die during the first larval instar stage. Homozygous germ line clones produce a few highly abnormal egg chambers, with 64% of the egg chambers having less than half the normal number of nurse cells, and 24% being comprised of just two large cells, apparently nurse cells, with large nuclei. 60% of the egg chambers contain at least one, and often several, binuclear or multinuclear nurse cells. The most advanced egg chambers attain the size and shape expected for stage 11-12, although the oocyte occupies an abnormally small volume in these egg chambers, and chorion deposition is seen around both the oocyte and nurse cells. Most ring canals are deformed. The oocyte is at the anterior of the egg chamber in 5% of cases. No eggs are laid.

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

Lethal either as a late embryo or early larva, with variable dorsal closure defects, depending on the maternal dose.

(Jordan et al., 1995)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3 has abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 17 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 16 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has abnormal axis specification | embryonic stage 15 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3 has abnormal cell shape | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ovo^D1

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

sqh^AX3 has abnormal cytokinesis | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ovo^D1

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.PB, tow^UAS.cCa

(Chung et al., 2007)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of decreased size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, Shrm^A.UAS

(Hildebrand et al., 2021)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of visible | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, Shrm^A.UAS

(Hildebrand et al., 2021)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62, yki^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:Myr(Src64B)}

(Xu et al., 2018)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of visible | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62, yki^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:Myr(Src64B)}

(Xu et al., 2018)

sqh^AX3 is a suppressor of abnormal cell shape | extended germ band stage phenotype of upd1^YM55

(Bertet et al., 2009)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of RhoGAPp190^RNAi.GAP.UAS, Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

(Billuart et al., 2001)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor of visible | heat sensitive phenotype of fz^I.hs

(Winter et al., 2001)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a non-suppressor of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62, yki^{UAS.cXa.Tag:FLAG}

(Xu et al., 2018)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3 has embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 16 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 15 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has embryonic/larval anterior midgut | embryonic stage 17 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 16 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 15 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

sqh^AX3 has embryonic proventriculus | embryonic stage 17 | male limited phenotype, enhanceable by zip³

(Okumura et al., 2010)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3 has epithelium | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ovo^D1

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

sqh^AX3 has follicle cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ovo^D1

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

sqh^AX3 has egg chamber | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ovo^D1

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is an enhancer of adult brain phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS, Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

(Duboff et al., 2012)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is an enhancer of mitochondrion phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS, Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

(Duboff et al., 2012)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is an enhancer of wing hair | increased number phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.PB, tow^UAS.cCa

(Chung et al., 2007)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, Shrm^A.UAS

(Hildebrand et al., 2021)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62, yki^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:Myr(Src64B)}

(Xu et al., 2018)

sqh^AX3 is a suppressor of ectoderm | extended germ band stage phenotype of upd1^YM55

(Bertet et al., 2009)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor of mushroom body vertical lobe phenotype of RhoGAPp190^RNAi.GAP.UAS, Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

(Billuart et al., 2001)

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a suppressor of wing hair | increased number phenotype of fz^I.hs

(Winter et al., 2001)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sqh^AX3/sqh[+] is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62, yki^{UAS.cXa.Tag:FLAG}

(Xu et al., 2018)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

A zip³ heterozygous background enhances the loss of rotation in the proventriculus and anterior midgut seen in sqh^AX3/Y mutants.

(Okumura et al., 2010)

An average of 4.5% os^upd-4, sqh^AX3 homozygous mutant embryos show germ-band extension defects, much reduced compared to os^upd-4 homozygous mutant embryos. Ectopic apical cell constriction defects are rescued in os^upd-4, sqh^AX3 homozygous mutant embryos.

(Bertet et al., 2009)

The multiple wing hair phenotype caused by expression of tow^Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.PB using heat shock at 24 hours after puparium formation is enhanced if the flies are also carrying one copy of sqh^AX3.

(Chung et al., 2007)

sqh^AX3 follicle cell clones maintain their rectangular shape when cyst growth is blocked in ovo^D1 mutants, whereas sqh^AX3 cells are deformed when the cyst grows. The cyst bulges out underneath the sqh^AX3 clones only in the wild-type background, not in ovo^D1 mutant cysts.

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

One copy of sqh^AX3 enhances the increase in mitochondria length seen when Hsap\MAPT^{R406W.Scer\UAS} is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav.PU.

(Duboff et al., 2012)

sqh^AX3 embryos which carry sqh^{RLC.T:Avic\GFP-S65T} and which also express slmb^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\vhhGFP4} under the control of Scer\GAL4^332.3 in the postmitotic amnioserosa cells show a dorsal open phenotype.

(Caussinus et al., 2011)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

sqh^AX3 is rescued by sqh^+t2.7

(Doerflinger et al., 2022)

sqh^AX3 is rescued by sqh^{+tCH322-130G10}

(Venken et al., 2009)

sqh^AX3 is rescued by sqh^5XA

(Royou et al., 2002)

sqh^AX3 is rescued by sqh^A20.Tag:FLAG

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

Partially rescued by

sqh^AX3 is partially rescued by sqh^E20.E21

(Royou et al., 2002)

sqh^AX3 is partially rescued by sqh^E21.Tag:FLAG

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

sqh^AX3 is partially rescued by sqh^A21.Tag:FLAG

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

Not rescued by

sqh^AX3 is not rescued by sqh^T20A

(Doerflinger et al., 2022)

sqh^AX3 is not rescued by sqh^{A20.A21.Tag:FLAG}

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

Comments

Expression of sqh^{RLC.T:Avic\GFP-S65T} rescues the loss of rotation in the proventriculus and anterior midgut seen in sqh^AX3/Y.

(Okumura et al., 2010)

Expressing one copy of the sqh^E20.E21 transgene substantially restores both oogenesis and subsequent axial expansion in sqh^AX3 germline clones.

(Royou et al., 2002)

Homozygous lethality is fully rescued by sqh^{A20.T:Zzzz\FLAG}, partially rescued by sqh^{E21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (sqh^AX3 animals carrying sqh^{E21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} survive to the late pupal stage) and by sqh^{A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (sqh^AX3 animals carrying sqh^{A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} survive to the early pupal stage), and not rescued by sqh^{A20.A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (sqh^AX3 animals carrying sqh^{A20.A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} die as first instar larvae). Homozygous female germline clones expressing sqh^{A20.A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} have phenotypes nearly indistinguishable from homozygous female germline clones that do not carry sqh^{A20.A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG}. The morphology of egg chambers derived from homozygous female germline clones expressing sqh^{A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} is grossly normal, with a well-differentiated oocyte and accompanying nurse cells. However, 73% of egg chambers contain at least one binuclear cell, and 80% contain less than 15 nurse cells. Substantial nurse cell cytoplasm remains untransferred even by stage 13 in many egg chambers. These clones produce some eggs. Approximately 23% of eggs laid by females carrying homozygous germline clones expressing sqh^{A21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} and fertilised by males homozygous for a sqh⁺ transgene begin development, but they do not hatch. Nuclear migration in these eggs is often isotropic, producing a spherical cloud of nuclei. Approximately 80% of egg chambers derived from homozygous female germline clones expressing sqh^{E21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} appear wild-type. 15% contain fewer than 15 nurse cells, and only 9% contain any binuclear cells. Stage 13 egg chambers containing significant amounts of nurse cell cytoplasm are relatively common, although 80% of eggs are wild-type in length. Approximately 60% of eggs laid by females carrying homozygous germline clones expressing sqh^{E21.T:Zzzz\FLAG} and fertilised by males homozygous for a sqh⁺ transgene begin development, and 41% of these embryos hatch. 46% of these larvae reach adulthood.

(Jordan and Karess, 1997)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

25712

w^* sqh^AX3 P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c

57144

y¹ w^* cv¹ sqh^AX3; P{sqh-GFP.RLC}2

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

MRLC^AX3

(Uechi and Kuranaga, 2019)

Sqh^AX3

(Jewett et al., 2017, Roubinet et al., 2017, Simões et al., 2006)

Sqh^Ax3

(D'Angelo et al., 2019, Chan et al., 2017)

sqh AX3

(Pradhan et al., 2023)

sqh^AX3

(Ashour et al., 2023, Daeden et al., 2023, Goldner et al., 2023, Tian et al., 2023, Doerflinger et al., 2022, Lepeta et al., 2022, Malin et al., 2022, Bhide et al., 2021, Blackie et al., 2021, Denk-Lobnig et al., 2021, Hildebrand et al., 2021, Lavalou et al., 2021, Sánchez-Corrales et al., 2021, Blackie et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Ambrosini et al., 2019, Bailles et al., 2019, Gracia et al., 2019, Kong et al., 2019, Letizia et al., 2019, Pham et al., 2019, Uechi and Kuranaga, 2019, Daniel et al., 2018, Ogura et al., 2018, Tsoumpekos et al., 2018, Xu et al., 2018, Harmansa et al., 2017, Ku and Sun, 2017, Montembault et al., 2017, Sun et al., 2017, Aranjuez et al., 2016, Coravos and Martin, 2016, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Marchetti et al., 2014, Nie et al., 2014, Reversi et al., 2014, Vasquez et al., 2014, Guillot and Lecuit, 2013, Herszterg et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2012, Duboff et al., 2012, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2011, Zhang and Ward, 2011, Monier et al., 2010, Okumura et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Rauzi et al., 2010, Bertet et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Warner and Longmore, 2009, Chung et al., 2007, Corrigall et al., 2007, Grammont, 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Pearson et al., 2006, Walters et al., 2006)

sqh^AX

(Dong et al., 2015)

sqh^Ax3

(Pulido Companys et al., 2020, Koe et al., 2018)

sqhAX3

(Pasakarnis et al., 2016, Munjal et al., 2015, Brauchle et al., 2014)

squ^AX3

(Martin et al., 2009)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (89)

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