FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\pain[EP2451]

(Oh et al., 2021, Khuong et al., 2019, Khuong et al., 2019, Oswald et al., 2015, Janssens et al., 2014, Neely et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Neely et al., 2010, Sun et al., 2009, Al-Anzi et al., 2006, Tracey et al., 2003)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates nervous system disease

modeled by Atpα^CJ10

(Talsma et al., 2014)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal chemosensory behavior

(Al-Anzi et al., 2006)

abnormal courtship behavior

(Wang et al., 2011)

abnormal courtship behavior (with pain^EP2251)

(Wang et al., 2011)

abnormal courtship behavior (with pain^GAL4)

(Wang et al., 2011)

abnormal heat stress response

(Oswald et al., 2015, Neely et al., 2011)

abnormal heat stress response | third instar larval stage

(Khuong et al., 2019)

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

(Sun et al., 2009)

abnormal locomotor behavior | third instar larval stage

(Gorczyca et al., 2014)

abnormal memory | dominant

(Sakai et al., 2012)

abnormal neurophysiology | recessive

(Tracey et al., 2003)

abnormal pain response

(Aldrich et al., 2010)

abnormal pain response | adult stage

(Neely et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2006)

abnormal pain response | adult stage | recessive

(Jang et al., 2015)

abnormal pain response | larval stage

(Neely et al., 2010)

abnormal pain response | larval stage | recessive

(Jang et al., 2015)

abnormal pain response | recessive

(Tracey et al., 2003)

abnormal pain response | third instar larval stage

(Gorczyca et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2012)

abnormal smell perception

(Wang et al., 2011)

abnormal taste perception

(Al-Anzi et al., 2006)

abnormal thermotaxis

(Neely et al., 2011)

abnormal touch response

(Kim et al., 2012)

viable

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Phenotype Manifest In

embryonic/larval heart

(Sénatore et al., 2010)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451 third instar larvae exhibit significantly slower heat nociception when compared to controls.

(Khuong et al., 2019)

Homozygous larvae and adults show an impaired nociceptive heat response. Mutant larvae show a normal response to gentle touch. Mutant adults show normal geotactic climbing ability.

(Jang et al., 2015)

pain^EP2451 mutant adults have no alterations in aversive shock or temperature olfactory memory, compared to controls.

(Galili et al., 2014)

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2451 third instar larvae have significantly reduced turning frequency (locomotor defects) and significant defects in mechanical and thermal nociception.

(Gorczyca et al., 2014)

pain^EP2451 mutant larvae completely lack a reaction to pain.

(Janssens et al., 2014)

The number of times pain^EP2451 females reject males is significantly lower than that of wild-type females.

(Sakai et al., 2014)

pain^EP2451 homozygous larvae have a severe mechanical nociception response deficit.

(Kim et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 homozygous and heterozygous adults are defective in courtship long term memory (reduction in courtship activity 5 days after 7-hours conditioning) when compared to controls. pain^EP2451 homozygous adults exhibit normal courtship short term memory (reduction in courtship activity 30 minutes, 1 hour or 8 hours, but not 24 hours, after 1-hour conditioning) compared to controls.

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Mutant third instar larvae show significant defects in nociception, having a significant reduction in the response frequency to noxious mechanical stimuli compared to control larvae. However, the navigational behaviours of the mutant larvae in response to gentle touch are not significantly different from wild type.

(Zhou et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 mutant flies exhibit problems with noxious temperature avoidance. They avoid surfaces heated up to 42[o]C but fail to avoid surfaces with temperatures at 42[o]C or above. Differences between wild-type and mutant temperature awareness are greatest at 46[o]C.

(Neely et al., 2011)

pain^EP2451 flies display weakened avoidance of the odorant 4-methyl-cyclohexanol, compared to wild-type controls, which display a strong avoidance for 4-methyl-cyclohexanol perfused air. When exposed to 4-methyl-cyclohexanol at lower concentrations, pain^EP2451 flies display the wild-type preference behavior, suggesting an alteration in response towards this odor.

pain^EP2451 mutant flies exhibit long-lasting male-male courtship behavior after recovery from mild CO[[2]] anaesthesia, with a chaining index (i.e. the percentage of time these males spend courting one another and forming chains) higher than in wild-type flies.

pain^EP2451/pain^GAL4 trans-heterozygous flies exhibit strong male-male courtship behavior. In contrast, pain^EP2451/+ heterozygotes do not exhibit obvious male-male courtship behavior.

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2251 trans-heterozygous flies exhibit strong male-male courtship behavior.

(Wang et al., 2011)

at 25[o]C and 30[o]C, the performance of pain^EP2451 is similar to that of wild-type flies, However, the performance index, charting the avoidance to noxious heat is markedly lower in the mutant than in wild-type. This trend continues at 45[o]C and 50[o]C, indicating a defect in thermal nociception.

pain^EP2451 mutant larvae show a significant delay in response to noxious heat compared to control flies. These flies also exhibit a delay in their jump response to noxious heat of 17 seconds.

(Aldrich et al., 2010)

Mutant flies exhibit the wild type avoidance of aristolochic acid in food choice assays.

(Kim et al., 2010)

Mutant adults respond normally to subnoxious temperatures (39[o]C or less) but fail to avoid noxious heat (46[o]C), in contrast to wild-type controls.

Mutant larvae show an impaired thermal nociception response compared to controls.

(Neely et al., 2010)

Mutant larvae do not show the cardiac pauses during motion which are seen in wild-type larvae.

Basal cardiac activity (measured in anaesthetised animals) is increased in mutant larvae compared to wild-type controls.

Contractility of the heart tube is reduced in mutant larvae compared to wild-type controls.

The cardiac rhythm of mutant larvae is not modified by hypo-osmotic shock (in contrast to wild-type larvae).

(Sénatore et al., 2010)

The mating success rate, defined as the percentage of pairs that copulate, is significantly higher in pain^EP2451 homozygous females than wild-type. The time to copulation of pain^EP2451 mutant females is significantly shorter than that of controls. No significant difference is detected in the courtship latency or courtship index (defined as the percentage of time spent courting in a given observation period). These results show that pain^EP2451 mutant females do not elicit increased courtship behavior than control females, and that the rapid copulation of virgin pain^EP2451 mutant females is because of their enhanced receptivity.

No significant difference is observed in locomotion of pain^EP2451 mutant females compared to controls.

pain[EP2451] mutant seldom copulate with wingless males, suggesting that they can detect courtship songs.

(Sakai et al., 2009)

pain^EP2451 mutants display impaired negative geotaxis behaviour.

The Johnston's organ of pain^EP2451 mutant flies show neural activity in response to body rotation that is indistinguishable from that of wild-type.

(Sun et al., 2009)

pain^EP2451 flies exhibit a reduced avoidance to isothiocyanate-containing food.

pain^EP2451 mutant flies do not show significant allyl- or benzl-isothiocyanate inhibition of sucrose-induced proboscis extension.

pain^EP2451 mutants exhibit normal avoidance to quinine and NaCl. They also exhibit wild-type levels of attraction to sucrose.

pain^EP2451 mutants exhibit wild-type levels of attraction to capsaicin.

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2621 trans-heterozygotes exhibit a reduced avoidance to isothiocyanate-containing food as in homozygous mutants.

(Al-Anzi et al., 2006)

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2451 flies show significantly longer jump latencies compared to wild type in a CO[2] laser beam assay (thermal nociception induces a jump response) and in a heat plate assay (but show normal behavior in a jump test).

(Xu et al., 2006)

Larvae show normal thermotactic behaviour in a thermal preference assay.

(Rosenzweig et al., 2005)

Mutant larvae exhibit a defective response to noxious heat at 48^oC, some failing to roll even after 10 seconds of stimulus. Animals do not display highly uncoordinated movement and poor viability. Larvae do exhibit a rapid response to noxious heat at 52^oC. When stimulated with a 45mN fibre, only 13% of larvae responded with vigorous rolling (as compared to 92% for wild-type), however response to light touch is normal. However 81% of larvae respond to 100mN of stimulus. Mutant larvae tested for spiking of sensory afferents at room temperature exhibit normal mean bulk spiking frequencies. When the temperature is increased to 42^oC the bulk spiking rate does not increase, (unlike in wild-type where the frequencies increase 2 to 3 fold).

(Tracey et al., 2003)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451 has abnormal touch response phenotype, non-enhanceable by Piezo^KO/Piezo^KO

(Kim et al., 2012)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451 has abnormal touch response phenotype, non-suppressible by Piezo^KO/Piezo^KO

(Kim et al., 2012)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2451 is a non-enhancer of abnormal touch response phenotype of Piezo^KO

(Kim et al., 2012)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451/pain^EP2451 is a non-suppressor of abnormal touch response phenotype of Piezo^KO

(Kim et al., 2012)

Other

Statement

Reference

TrpA1¹, pain^EP2451/pain[+] has abnormal pain response | dominant | larval stage phenotype

(Jang et al., 2015)

TrpA1¹, pain^EP2451/pain[+] has abnormal pain response | dominant | adult stage phenotype

(Jang et al., 2015)

pain^EP2451/pain[+], subdued^Δ5265 has abnormal pain response | dominant | larval stage phenotype

(Jang et al., 2015)

pain^EP2451/pain[+], subdued^Δ5265 has abnormal pain response | dominant | adult stage phenotype

(Jang et al., 2015)

Piezo[+]/Piezo^KO, pain^EP2451 has abnormal touch response phenotype

(Kim et al., 2012)

Piezo^KO, pain^EP2451/pain[+] has abnormal touch response phenotype

(Kim et al., 2012)

Phenotype Manifest In

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

pain^EP2451; subdued^Δ5265 double heterozygous larvae and adults show an impaired nociceptive heat response.

pain^EP2451; TrpA1¹ double heterozygous larvae and adults show an impaired nociceptive heat response.

(Jang et al., 2015)

pain^EP2451, Piezo^KO double mutants have a mechanical nociception response deficit that is comparable to either single mutant.

Larvae that are heterozygous for both pain^EP2451 and Piezo^KO show a mechanical nociception response deficit whereas each separate heterozygote is normal.

(Kim et al., 2012)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

pain^EP2462

(Tracey et al., 2003)

pain^EP2621

(Tracey et al., 2003)

pain^EP2251

(Tracey et al., 2003)

Rescued by

pain^EP2451 is rescued by pain^GAL4

(Sakai et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^hs.PB, pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Ilp2.PR, pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Mef2.247, pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by pain^UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4^GH146

(Wang et al., 2011)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by pain^UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4^pain-GAL4

(Sakai et al., 2009)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by pain^UAS.cTa

(Sun et al., 2009)

pain^EP2451 is rescued by pain^+t8.5

(Xu et al., 2006)

Partially rescued by

pain^EP2451 is partially rescued by pain^UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4^pain-GAL4

(Wang et al., 2011)

Not rescued by

pain^EP2451 is not rescued by pain^EP2251

(Sakai et al., 2012)

pain^EP2451 is not rescued by pain^UAS.cTa/Scer\GAL4^Gr66a.PD

(Wang et al., 2011)

Rescues

pain^EP2451 rescues pain^GAL4

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Scer\GAL4^hs.PB, pain^EP2451 rescues pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Scer\GAL4^Ilp2.PR, pain^EP2451 rescues pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Scer\GAL4^Mef2.247, pain^EP2451 rescues pain^EP2451

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Fails to rescue

pain^EP2451 fails to rescue pain^EP2251

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Comments

Expression of pain^EP2451 under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.PB rescues courtship long term memory phenotype of pain^EP2451 heterozygous adults when the heat-shock is induced 3 hours before 7-hours conditioning but not if heat shock is induced after conditioning.

pain^EP2451/+ rescues courtship long term memory phenotype of pain^GAL4/+ but not pain^EP2251/+.

Expression of pain^EP2451 under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.PB, Scer\GAL4^Ilp2.PR or Scer\GAL4^Mef2.247 rescues while pain^EP2251/+ fails to rescue courtship long term memory phenotype of pain^EP2451/+ .

(Sakai et al., 2012)

Expression of pain^Scer\UAS.cTa in pain^EP2451 under the control of Scer\GAL4^pain-GAL4 partially restores the avoidance to high levels of 4-methyl-cyclohexanol, but does not restore the low concentration avoidance.

The intensity and duration of the male-male courtship behavior in pain^EP2451 flies is significantly reduced following preferential expression of pain^Scer\UAS.cTa in Scer\GAL4^GH146-expressing projection neurons.

Overexpression of pain^Scer\UAS.cTa in Scer\GAL4^Gr66a.PD-expressing neurons does not prevent male-male courtship behavior in pain^EP2451 flies.

(Wang et al., 2011)

Using the Scer\GAL4^NP1029 driver to over-express pain from the Scer\UAS sites present in the P{EP}pain^EP2451 insertion restores basal cardiac activity and contractility of the heart tube to wild-type levels in the pain^EP2451 mutant background.

(Sénatore et al., 2010)

Expression of pain^Scer\UAS.cTa under the control of Scer\GAL4^pain-GAL4 in a homozygous mutant pain^EP2251 background significantly lengthens the time to copulation in female flies to a level similar to control flies.

(Sakai et al., 2009)

Expression of pain^Scer\UAS.cTa under the control of Scer\GAL4^iav.PU rescues the geotaxis behaviour defects of pain^EP2451 mutants.

pain^EP2451 mutants do not show impaired auditory response.

(Sun et al., 2009)

Allyl- or benzl-isothiocyanate inhibition of sucrose-induced proboscis extension is rescued in pain^EP2451 pain^+t8.5 mutants.

The isothiocyanate avoidance phenotype observed in pain^EP2451 mutants is rescued upon expression of pain^+t8.5.

Allyl- or benzl-isothiocyanate inhibition of sucrose-induced proboscis extension is rescued in pain^EP2451 pain^+t8.5 mutants, with these flies exhibiting near wild-type levels of allyl- or benzl-isothiocyanate inhibition of the proboscis extension reflex.

(Al-Anzi et al., 2006)

pain^+t8.5 rescues jump latencies in pain^EP2451/pain^EP2451 flies in both a CO[2] laser beam assay and in a heat plate assay.

(Xu et al., 2006)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

27895

w^*; P{EP}pain^EP2451

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Mutant phenotypes are revertable by excision of the P{EP} insertion.

(Tracey et al., 2003)

Based on the avoidance to isothiocyanate-containing food in a two-choice preference test, the following alleles can be ranked from strongest response to weakest in the following order: pain^EP2451 > pain^EP2621 > pain^GAL4.

(Al-Anzi et al., 2006)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Painless¹

(Oh et al., 2021)

pain1

(Sénatore et al., 2010)

pain¹

(Luedke et al., 2024, Oh et al., 2021, Ohashi and Sakai, 2018, Terada et al., 2016, Oswald et al., 2015, Galili et al., 2014, Gorczyca et al., 2014, Sakai et al., 2014, Sakai et al., 2012, Zhou et al., 2012, Neely et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Aldrich et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Sakai et al., 2009, Al-Anzi et al., 2006, Rosenzweig et al., 2005, Tracey et al., 2003)

pain^EP2451

(Song et al., 2019)

painless¹

(Jang et al., 2015, Ohyama et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2012, Xu et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

painless1

(Wang et al., 2011)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (30)

Report Sections

Open Close