Expression of Bper\ptxA^act.UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^GH146 significantly reduces short term aversive olfactory memory in adults, compared to controls.

Flies expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS in astrocytes under the control of Scer\GAL4^alrm.PD show similar recovery times to mechanical stress as in wild type.

The number of natural synaptopods (motile filopodia-like extensions) at type II neuromuscular junctions is significantly increased compared to wild type in third instar larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC. The number of type II boutons at the neuromuscular junction is also increased in larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of either Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC or Scer\GAL4^futsch-C380.

The number of type I boutons at the neuromuscular junction is also increased in larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of either Scer\GAL4^futsch-C380 or Scer\GAL4^BG439. The number of type I boutons at the neuromuscular junction is normal in third instar larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC.

In contrast to wild type, type II neuromuscular junctions do not show an increase in the number of natural synaptopods in response to octopamine in third instar larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC.

In contrast to wild type, larvae expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC fail to respond to starvation by increasing locomotor speed.

Embryos expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^sca.PU show defects in the orientation of neuroblast cell polarity, with the crescent of the Par-complex being variably oriented. The orientation of the spindle is well coordinated with the orientation of cell polarity in the mutant neuroblasts.

The average behavioral period of flies expressing Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^P0.5.Pdf in constant darkness is 25.2hr, significantly longer than in control flies.

Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B-controlled, Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.T:Hsim\VP22}-mediated expression of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS, a specific inhibitor of Gαo signalling, results in flies showing a significantly decrease in electroantennogram (EAG) amplitude in response to 10[-4] ethyl acetate at the permissive temperature. Repression occurs over a 1000-fold range of stimulus intensities, and is associated with a ~470 fold difference in sensitivity to ethyl acetate compared to controls. Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS expression also significantly represses EAG amplitudes in response to isoamyl acetate, cyclohexanone, 4-methyl-cyclohexanol and n-butanol.

Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B-controlled, Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.T:Hsim\VP22}-mediated expression of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS, a specific inhibitor of Gαo signalling, results in flies showing a significantly lower electroantennogram 'fall time constant' in response to 500ms of 10[-4] ethyl acetate at the permissive temperature.

Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B-controlled, Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.T:Hsim\VP22}-mediated expression of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS, a specific inhibitor of Gαo signalling, results in a significantly reduced ethyl acetate-evoked firing frequency of spikes in ab1 sensilla at the permissive temperature. However, the spontaneous firing frequency does not change and CO[[2]]-induced responses are unaffected.

Induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS within the developing mesoderm (under the control of Scer\GAL4^twi.PG and Scer\GAL4^how-24B) or nervous system (under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155) results in embryonic lethality.

Induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS expression within the adult mushroom bodies under the control of Scer\GAL4^{Mef2.247.Switch} abolishes immediate associative memory 3 minutes after training. These flies also show reduced learning. Induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS does not alter naive sensitivities to either odorants or electric shock, indicating that Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS does not affect the perception of the stimuli.

Expression of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mef2.247 and Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B for 12 hours at 32[o]C (the permissive temperature) at the larval stage results in the almost complete abolition of 3 minute immediate associative memory. The effect of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS expression is reversible: although a 2 hour induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS within mushroom body neurons produces significant inhibition of 3 minute memory, this effect is completely reversed after 6 days.

Induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS in the R3 and R4d neurons of the ellipsoid body (under the control of Scer\GAL4^Aph-4-c232) and separately in the dorsally paired medial (DPM) neurons (under the control of Scer\GAL4^c316), does not affect performance in the learning assay. Moreover, Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS expression in the DPM neurons has no effect on 60 minute memory.

Twelve-hour induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS in ~800 neurons of the α/β and γ lobes, under the control of Scer\GAL4^c747 is sufficient to ablate the associative memory, whereas a 2 hour induction is not.

There are no differences in the naive avoidance of odor or shock between Scer\GAL4^c747/Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B induced Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS and uninduced flies.

Twelve-hour induction of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS in γ lobe neurons, under the control of Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁷¹ causes a substantial, but not complete, loss of 3 minute memory, as does expression of Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS in the α/β lobe neurons marked by Scer\GAL4^c739. In contrast, Bper\ptxA^act.Scer\UAS expression in the α/β lobes under the control of Scer\GAL4^17d does not have an observable effect on 3 minute memory.

Bper\ptxA^act.UAS, Scer\GAL4^sca.PU has embryonic neuroblast phenotype, non-suppressible by Gαo^{GDP.C351G.UAS}, Scer\GAL4^sca.PU

Bper\ptxA^act.UAS, Scer\GAL4^sca.PU has embryonic neuroblast phenotype, non-suppressible by Gαo^{GTP.C351G.UAS}, Scer\GAL4^sca.PU