UASt regulatory sequences drive expression of Hsap\LRRK2 carrying amino acid substitution G2019S tagged with Tag:FLAG at the N-terminus.
Expression of the G2019S form of Hsap\LRRK2 (the most common Parkinson's disease-related mutation in humans) in dopaminergic neurons in flies results in functional and anatomical loss of visual response, providing a tractable model of visual problems which are a symptom of Parkinson's disease.
The expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PF, Scer\GAL4ple.TH-C' or Scer\GAL4ple.TH-D', but not if under the control of Scer\GAL4nSyb.PG, Scer\GAL4Gr5a.8.5, Scer\GAL4E49, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL or Scer\GAL4Ddc.HL9, leads to a significant decrease in proboscis extension reflex (in starved flies exposed to a moderate sugar stimulus) in 3 to 18 days old adults, as compared to controls; these flies exhibit a significantly slower proboscis extension speed due to extra path, as compared to controls. In ad libitum conditions, Scer\GAL4ple.PF-driven expression leads to a significant decrease in lifespan, as compared to controls.
As in controls, the dynamic golgi outposts (GOPs) in the dendrites of dendritic arborizing neurons expressing Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4ppk.PU show an overall preference for retrograde movement (towards cell bodies), but show increased retrograde displacement. The displacement of GOPs moving in the anterograde direction (towards dendritic ends) is also increased compared with controls. Velocity of movement is increased in both directions compared with controls, but is more prominent in the retrograde direction.
Expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL results in accelerated age-dependent decline in locomotor function and a selective loss of dopamine neurons.
Expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL results in an elevation of bulk protein synthesis. This is prevented through the addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin to food through adulthood. This also prevents the neurodegenerative phenotype.
Supplementing food with 10Ï…M 4EGI-1 throughout adulthood partially rescues the locomotor deficits and loss of dopamine neurons associated with Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG expression.
28 day old flies expressing Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PG show a significant reduction in electroretinogram amplitude compared to 3 day old flies.
Expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons using Scer\GAL4109(2)80 engenders dendrite arborization defects as shown by the quantification of numbers of dendritic ends in the dorsal field of A6 segments in third instar larvae. In Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG-expressing DA neurons, the dendritic field is significantly reduced. The lengths of both lower- and higher-order branches are shortened, and many terminal arbors fail to reach the segmental and dorsal-midline boundaries.
Axonal terminals of class IV dendritic arborizing neurons expressing Scer\GAL4ppk.PG>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG remain normal, targeting to the ventral nerve cord, although the complexity of dendrites is severely compromised, displaying shorter and fewer terminal arbors and leaving some receptive fields uncovered.
When larvae carrying Scer\GAL4109(2)80 and Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG are continuously reared at 25[o]C without temperature shift, the numbers of dendritic ends are comparable between Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG and control larvae at day 4 or day 6. When Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG larvae are shifted to 30[o]C at day 3, the DA dendrites grow normally when examined at day 4, compared to controls, indicating that Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG affects little, if any, dendrite growth in early stages of larval development. Strikingly, Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG DA neurons display a sparse dendrite pattern at day 6; the number of dendritic ends is significantly lower than that of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG DA neurons at day 4 and that of controls at day 6. Therefore, after Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG expression, the dendrite complexity is reduced in later larval stages compared with that in early stages, an indication of degeneration.
Using Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL to drive Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG expression in dopaminergic neurons, locomotion of adult flies is affected by the third week after eclosion, and the viability shows significant decline at the fourth week compared with controls. Fly brains expressing Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG show a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in both dorsomedial and dorsolateral groups at the fourth week after eclosion compared with controls of the same age.
Serotonin neurons appear normal in the brains of flies expressing Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG.
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG expression under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL results in significant reduction of dendritic structures in two- and four-week-old adult brains. Dendrite degeneration appears to precede axon degeneration and cell-body loss in neurons expressing Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG.
Expression of Scer\GAL4ppk.PG>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG engenders microtubule structure defects in dendrites.
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, non-enhanceable by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, grimGMR.PU has visible phenotype, suppressible by AktT342D.S505D.GMR
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has abnormal neuroanatomy | progressive phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\RPS15T136A.UAS, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by tauVDRC.cUa, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\MAPTT212A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by sggunspecified/sgg[+]
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has abnormal locomotor behavior | progressive phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has short lived | progressive phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, non-suppressible by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTT175A.T181A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTS214A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is a non-enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4109(2)80, sggA81T.UAS
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG/Scer\GAL4GMR.PU is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of grimGMR.PU
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has dendrite phenotype, non-enhanceable by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, grimGMR.PU has eye phenotype, suppressible by AktT342D.S505D.GMR
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, grimGMR.PU has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by AktT342D.S505D.GMR
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\MAPTT212A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by sggunspecified/sgg[+]
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has microtubule phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has dendrite phenotype, suppressible by sggA81T.UAS, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by tauVDRC.cUa, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 has dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by tauVDRC.cUa, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has microtubule phenotype, non-suppressible by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG has dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL has dendrite phenotype, non-suppressible by sggUAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTUAS.cWa, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTT175A.T181A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype of Hsap\MAPTS214A.UAS, Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG is an enhancer of microtubule phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4ppk.PG is an enhancer of dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is an enhancer of dendrite | third instar larval stage phenotype of Avic\GFPUAS.S65T.I167T.Tag:MT(btau), Scer\GAL4109(2)80
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG, Scer\GAL4109(2)80 is a non-enhancer of dendritic arborizing neuron | third instar larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4109(2)80, sggA81T.UAS
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG/Scer\GAL4GMR.PU is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of grimGMR.PU
Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.UAS.cLa.Tag:FLAG/Scer\GAL4GMR.PU is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of grimGMR.PU
Expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PU does not significantly suppress the eye phenotypes seen upon expression of grimGMR.PU.
Co-expression of Hsap\RPS15T136A.Scer\UAS prevents the neurodegenerative phenotype seen in flies expressing Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL.
Co-expression of Hsap\RPS15T136A.Scer\UAS suppresses the elevation in bulk protein synthesis seen in flies expressiing Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL.
Co-expression of tauVDRC.cUa alleviates the dendritic defects caused by Scer\GAL4109(2)80>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG. The dorsal dendritic field is almost fully restored and the number of dendritic ends is also markedly increased.
Co-expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG strongly enhances the dendrite defects caused by Scer\GAL4109(2)80>Avic\GFPScer\UAS.S65T.I167T.T:Btau\MAPT. In severe cases, only six of the eight dendritic arborization (DA) neuron somas are present in the dorsal field, an indication of neuronal loss that is not detected when Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG or Avic\GFPScer\UAS.S65T.I167T.T:Btau\MAPT is expressed alone.
Co-expression of Avic\GFPScer\UAS.S65T.I167T.T:Btau\MAPT and Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4ppk.PG causes severe microtubule destruction in dendrites.
Co-expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG enhances the formation of spheroid inclusions caused by Scer\GAL4ppk.PG>Avic\GFPScer\UAS.S65T.I167T.T:Btau\MAPT-expression. The spheroid inclusions appear much more frequent in both distal and proximal dendrites when Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG is also expressed.
When co-expressed in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons, Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG causes further dendrite degeneration in DA neurons that express Hsap\MAPTScer\UAS.cWa.
When co-expressed in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons, Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG causes further dendrite degeneration in DA neurons that express Hsap\MAPTT175A.T181A.Scer\UAS.
When co-expressed in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons, Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG causes further dendrite degeneration in DA neurons that express Hsap\MAPTS214A.Scer\UAS.
When co-expressed in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons, Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG fails to cause dendrite degeneration in DA neurons that express Hsap\MAPTT212A.Scer\UAS, suggesting that Hsap\MAPTT212A.Scer\UAS blocks the neuronal toxicity of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG.
Arborization is significantly restored in dendritic arborization (DA) neurons expressing Scer\GAL4109(2)80>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG in a heterozygous sggunspecified genetic background.
The dendritic defects caused by Scer\GAL4109(2)80>sggA81T.Scer\UAS-expression are not enhanced by the co-expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG.
sggA81T.Scer\UAS suppresses the toxic effects of Scer\GAL4ppk.PG>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG on microtubule fragmentation in dendritic processes.
sggScer\UAS.cBa fails to suppress the toxic effects of Scer\GAL4ppk.PG>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG on microtubule fragmentation in dendritic processes.
Co-expression of sggScer\UAS.cBa in Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG-expressing neurons by Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL maintains the disrupted dendritic structure in 2-week-old adult brains, similar to expression of Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG alone.
Co-expression of sggA81T.Scer\UAS restores dendritic patterns caused by Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG. In addition, sggA81T.Scer\UAS suppresses the life-span and locomotion defects caused by Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL>Hsap\LRRK2G2019S.Scer\UAS.cLa.T:Zzzz\FLAG.