Crystals are present in the crystal cells of mutant third instar larvae, as is seen in wild-type controls. The mutant crystal cells show melanisation after heating at 65[o] for 10 minutes, as seen in wild type.
Mutant larvae show reduced melanisation around the wound site 30 minutes after clean needle injury compared to that seen in wild-type controls. A kinetic analysis shows that melanisation at the wound site is delayed in the mutants compared to wild type.
Eggs of the parasitoid wasp A. tabida are encapsulated in mutant second instar larvae, as occurs in wild type.
Mutant adults show normal survival rates after septic injury with Gram negative bacteria (either Salmonella typhimurium or Enterobacter cloacae).
Mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after septic injury with Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria).
Mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after after natural infection with entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae).
Wandering third instar PPO1Bc/PPO1Δ larvae show spontaneous melanisation of crystal cells.
Wandering third instar PPO1Bc/PPO1Δ larvae do not show melanisation at the wound site in response to physical wounding, in contrast to wild type.
Larvae and adults carrying PPO1A480V in a PPO1Δ background do not show melanisation at the wound site in response to physical wounding, in contrast to wild type.
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has short lived | conditional phenotype, non-enhanceable by PPO31
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal immune response phenotype, non-enhanceable by PPO31
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has short lived | conditional phenotype, non-suppressible by PPO31
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal immune response phenotype, non-suppressible by PPO31
PPO1Bc/PPO1Δ has melanotic mass phenotype | wandering third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by PPO2[+]/PPO2Δ
PPO1Δ/PPO2Δ is a suppressor of melanotic mass phenotype phenotype of Spn27A1
PPO1Δ/PPO2Δ is a suppressor of partially lethal phenotype of Spn27A1
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal immune response | adult stage phenotype
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal immune response | larval stage phenotype
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has short lived | conditional phenotype
PPO1Δ, Spn27A1 has melanotic mass phenotype phenotype
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has short lived phenotype
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal wound healing | larval stage phenotype
PPO1Bc/PPO1Δ, PPO2[+]/PPO2Δ has melanotic mass phenotype | wandering third instar larval stage phenotype
PPO1Δ, PPO2Δ has abnormal wound healing | adult stage phenotype
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant larvae and adults show no melanisation around the wound site after clean needle injury, in construct to wild-type controls.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after septic injury with Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis or Staphylococcus aureus). They also show a mild susceptibility to natural infection with the fungus Beauveria bassiana. These phenotypes are unaffected if they are also mutant for PPO31.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant larvae infested with eggs from the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi produce a melanized capsule around the wasp egg, as occurs in wild type.
PPO1Δ PPO31 double mutant larvae infested with eggs from the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi produce a melanized capsule around the wasp egg, as occurs in wild type.
PPO1Δ PPO31 double mutant larvae show melanisation of crystal cells after heating at 65[o]C for 10 minutes, as occurs in wild-type larvae.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant larvae do not show melanisation of crystal cells after heating at 65[o]C for 10 minutes, in contrast to wild-type larvae.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutants have a significantly shortened lifespan compared to both wild-type and to each single mutant. This trend is also seen in double mutants raised in germ-free conditions, suggesting that the early lethality seen in the double mutants is not due to infection.
As seen in PPO1Δ single mutants, crystals are not present in the crystal cells of PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant third instar larvae and the double mutant crystal cells do not show any melanisation after heating at 65[o] for 10 minutes.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant larvae show no melanisation around the wound site 30 minutes after clean needle injury, in contrast to wild-type controls.
The spontaneous melanisation seen in Spn27A1 mutant animals is suppressed if they are also mutant for both PPO1Δ and PPO2Δ.
50% of Spn27A1 PPO1Δ double mutant larvae and pupae show a characteristic pattern of melanisation spots under the epidermis.
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after severe wounding with a clean needle (survival after mild wounding is not significantly different, and neither single mutant shows this phenotype).
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant adults show normal survival rates after septic injury with either Salmonella typhimurium or Enterobacter cloacae, but are more susceptible to Erwinia carotovora than normal (all Gram negative bacteria).
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after septic injury with Gram positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis or Staphylococcus aureus).
PPO1Δ PPO2Δ double mutant adults show reduced survival compared to wild type after septic injury with fungi (Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus) and after natural infection with entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae).
