FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\mt:Cyt-b

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\mt:Cyt-b

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

mitochondrial Cytochrome b

Annotation Symbol

CG34090

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0013678

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

1 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (7.1.1.8)

Gene Summary

Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The b-c1 complex mediates electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. Contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that is then used for ATP synthesis. (UniProt, P18935)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Cytb, cyt b, cytochrome b, Cyt-b, mt:CytB

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

mitochondrion_genome:10,499..11,635 [+]

Recombination map

RefSeq locus

NC_024511 REGION:10499..11635

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NCBI

UCSC

Ensembl

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000444161

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR030689

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in spermatogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Clancy et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000444161

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in respiratory electron transport chain

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016174

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000444160

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005797, InterPro:IPR005798, InterPro:IPR016174, InterPro:IPR036150, InterPro:IPR048259, InterPro:IPR048260

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

part_of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000444161

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of respiratory chain complex III

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR030689

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III - CORE SUBUNITS

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the cytochrome b family. (P18935)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity

a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)- [cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out) (7.1.1.8)

RHEA 11484:

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III - CORE SUBUNITS -: Mitochondrial complex III - core subunits are ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductases that act to catalyze the electron transfer reaction from the lipophilic substrate ubiquinol (QH2) to cytochrome C (cyt c), coupled with proton translocation across the membrane. As a result, for every QH2 molecule oxidized, four protons are transferred from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and two molecules of cyt c are reduced. The subunit composition of complex III varies between species, though all complexes contain three redox subunits that form the catalytic core: cyt b; cyt c1; and the iron sulfur (Rieske) protein (ISP). (Adapted from PMID:23201476 and PMID: 23871937.)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -: Mitochondrial complex III catalyzes the electron transfer reaction from the lipophilic substrate ubiquinol (QH2) to cytochrome C (cyt c), coupled with proton translocation across the membrane. As a result, for every QH2 molecule oxidized, four protons are transferred from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and two molecules of cyt c are reduced. (Adapted from PMID:23201476 and PMID: 23871937.)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX III -: Mitochondrial complex III catalyzes the electron transfer reaction from the lipophilic substrate ubiquinol (QH2) to cytochrome C (cyt c), coupled with proton translocation across the membrane. As a result, for every QH2 molecule oxidized, four protons are transferred from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and two molecules of cyt c are reduced. (Adapted from PMID:23201476 and PMID: 23871937.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, P18935)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mt:Cyt-b for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P18935)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

mt_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

mt:Cyt-b-RB

FBtr0433502

1137

378

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

mt:Cyt-b-PB

FBpp0390634

43.1

378

8.68

Q9ME01

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

The main subunits of complex b-c1 are: cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and the Rieske protein.

(UniProt, P18935)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mt:Cyt-b using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

NA

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mt:Cyt-b in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\mt:Cyt-b

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\mt:Cyt-b

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

192472/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0013678

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0013678

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mt:Cyt-b

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mt:Cyt-b

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Sterility

Allele

male sterile | maternal effect

mt:Cyt-b^Brownsville

Other Phenotypes

Allele

short lived | maternal effect

mt:Cyt-b^Brownsville

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

spermatid | maternal effect

mt:Cyt-b^Brownsville

testis | maternal effect

mt:Cyt-b^Brownsville

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

Hsap\CYTB

12 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\CYTB

12 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Mmus\CYTB

11 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\CYTB

10 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)

Drer\CYTB

12 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\CYTB

11 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\CYTB

10 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)

Atha\AT2G07727

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\petB

3 of 13

Yes

Atha\petD

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G07718

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\COB

11 of 13

Yes

Scer\BI4

7 of 13

Yes

Scer\BI2

5 of 13

Yes

Scer\BI3

5 of 13

Yes

Scer\AI4

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\cob

9 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mt:Cyt-b. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

MT-CYB; mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b

12 of 14

516020

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

The main subunits of complex b-c1 are: cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and the Rieske protein.

(UniProt, P18935 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0013678

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Respiratory electron transport

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Respiratory electron transport

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

mitochondrion_genome

Recombination map

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

mitochondrion_genome:10,499..11,635 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (1)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

77157

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS05926}attP40/CyO

Genomic Clones (0)

cDNA Clones (0)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0013678

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

New annotation (CG34090) in release 4.3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

Steady state levels of mt:lrRNA RNA decrease as adult Drosophila age, and this change correlates with the shape of the life span curve.

(Calleja et al., 1993)

During oogenesis RNA from mt:srRNA, mt:lrRNA, mt:ND2, mt:CoI, mt:CoII, mt:CoIII, mt:ND4, mt:ND5 and mt:Cyt-b shows fluctuations in RNA density after stage 9 in follicle and nurse cells.There is a correlation between the mtRNA level and the cell volume and/or the nuclear DNA content suggesting a global extra-mitochondrial, transcriptional control mechanism.

(Tourmente et al., 1990)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: mt:Cyt-b anon- EST:fe1B1

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG34090

(Perkins et al., 2009, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

CYTB

(Camus et al., 2023, Anderson et al., 2022, Loewen and Ganetzky, 2018, Tsai et al., 2016, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Peralta et al., 2012, Bratic et al., 2011, Clancy et al., 2011)

Cyt B

(Iijima-Ando et al., 2009, Chang and Min, 2005)

Cyt b

(Salminen and Vale, 2020, Chen et al., 2012, Humphrey et al., 2012, Aw et al., 2011)

Cyt-b

(Jaiswal et al., 2015, Dowling et al., 2009, Kula et al., 1995)

CytB

(Gnainsky et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Bratic et al., 2016, Matsushima et al., 2010, Adan et al., 2008, Dowling et al., 2007)

Cytb

(Zanini et al., 2018, Matsushima et al., 2017, Humphrey et al., 2012, Seligmann, 2012, Shim et al., 2009, Matsushima and Kaguni, 2007, Matsushima et al., 2004, Nachman, 1998, Rand and Kann, 1998, Calleja et al., 1993)

Cytob

(Morel et al., 1999)

anon-EST:fe1B1

cyt b

(González de Cózar et al., 2019, Bruni et al., 2012, Bratic et al., 2011, Clancy et al., 2011, Roberti et al., 2006, Azou and Bregliano, 2001, Ballard, 2000)

cytb

(Seddigh and Darabi, 2018, Baggio et al., 2014, Stewart and Beckenbach, 2009, Torres et al., 2009, Schwarze et al., 1998)

mt:Cyt-b

(Huang et al., 2022, Bahhir et al., 2019, Crofton et al., 2018, Barry and Thummel, 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Gehrke et al., 2015, Iyer et al., 2013, Lim et al., 2013, Barnes et al., 2010)

mt:CytB

(Clemente et al., 2022, Kandul et al., 2016)

mt:cyt-b

(Murari et al., 2022, Chartier et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

Cytochrome b

(Iyer et al., 2013)

Cytochrome-b

(Rand and Kann, 1996)

Mitochondrial Cytochrome b

(Gao et al., 2021)

Mitochondrial cytochrome b

(Mossman et al., 2016)

anon-fast-evolving-1B1

cytochrome b

(Salminen et al., 2019, Humphrey et al., 2012, Iijima-Ando et al., 2009, Ballard, 2000)

mitochondrial Cytochrome b

mitochondrial cytochrome b

(Clancy et al., 2011)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0002867
FBgn0025273

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

192472

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P18935

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P18935

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9ME01

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P18935

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

192472/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0013678

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0013678

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0013678

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG34090

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

192472

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0013678

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0013678

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0013678

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Respiratory electron transport

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Respiratory electron transport

References (108)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NA

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