FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\mira
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mira
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
miranda
Annotation Symbol
CG12249
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0021776
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
miranda (mira) encodes a cytoplasmic and cortical scaffolding protein that binds the products of pros, stau and brat. It is asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Mir

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
92B9-92B9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-67
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:19931799..19935120
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables myosin binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:jar; FB:FBgn0011225
(Petritsch et al., 2003)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:stau; FB:FBgn0003520
(Jia et al., 2015)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:flfl; FB:FBgn0024555
(Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (12 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Irion et al., 2006)
involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pros; FB:FBgn0004595
(Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pros; FB:FBgn0004595
(Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
involved_in neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:cup; FB:FBgn0000392
(Piccioni et al., 2009)
involved_in protein localization to cell cortex
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fray; FB:FBgn0023083,FLYBASE:Lkb1; FB:FBgn0038167
(Yamamoto et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of intracellular mRNA localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Landskron et al., 2018)
involved_in regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Irion et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of proteolysis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
involved_in ventral cord development
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Bivik et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division
traceable author statement
(Skeath and Thor, 2003)
involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
traceable author statement
(Bardin et al., 2004, Schaefer and Knoblich, 2001)
involved_in ganglion mother cell fate determination
traceable author statement
(Schaefer and Knoblich, 2001)
involved_in neuroblast fate determination
traceable author statement
(Bardin et al., 2004)
Cellular Component (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Petritsch et al., 2003)
located_in apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Matsuzaki et al., 1998, Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998)
colocalizes_with aster
inferred from direct assay
(Petritsch et al., 2003)
located_in basal cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Yamamoto et al., 2008, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
located_in basal part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Petritsch et al., 2003)
located_in basal plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Matsuzaki et al., 1998, Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Petritsch et al., 2003, Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)
located_in centrosome
inferred from direct assay
(Schuldt et al., 1998)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Petritsch et al., 2003)
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Grice and Liu, 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical part of cell
traceable author statement
(Ohshiro et al., 2000)
located_in basal cortex
traceable author statement
(Ohshiro et al., 2000)
located_in cytoplasm
traceable author statement
(Ohshiro et al., 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    miranda (mira) encodes a cytoplasmic and cortical scaffolding protein that binds the products of pros, stau and brat. It is asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
    Summary (Interactive Fly)

    scaffold protein - required for subcellular localization of Prospero - a target of the asymmetric cell division machinery - involved in the generation of cell diversity in the CNS - coordinates the subcellular distribution of cell-fate determinants including Staufen and Brain tumor - asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in its partitioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins

    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    3
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    3

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mira for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VDR7)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.47

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    nuclear_gene
    protein_coding_gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    mira-RA
    FBtr0083847
    NM_057943
    2965
    829
    mira-RB
    FBtr0083848
    NM_057944
    3232
    799
    mira-RC
    FBtr0335243
    NM_001275822
    2893
    805
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)

    3.5, 3.4 (northern blot)

    (Shen et al., 1997)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    mira-PA
    FBpp0083256
    93.1
    829
    5.75
    Q9VDR7
    NP_477291
    AAF55723
    mira-PB
    FBpp0083257
    89.8
    799
    5.85
    Q8IN63
    NP_477292
    AAN13815
    mira-PC
    FBpp0307230
    90.5
    805
    5.85
    A0A0B4KHS3
    NP_001262751
    AGB96131
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)

    830 (aa)

    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)

    830, 800 (aa)

    (Shen et al., 1997)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
     
    UniProt
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mira using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.31

    Transcript Expression
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    neuroblast

    Comment: asymetrically distributed

    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    embryonic stage 3
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    embryonic stage 4 -- 6
    anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain anlage in statu nascendi
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal ectoderm anlage

    Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral ectoderm anlage

    Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    antennal anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual anlage in statu nascendi

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 5
    epithelial cell
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    epithelium
    (Lecuyer et al., 2007)
    embryonic stage 7 -- 8
    antennal anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual anlage

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal ectoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral ectoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 8 -- 17
    posterior midgut primordium
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    neuroblast
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    sensory mother cell
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    embryonic stage 9 -- 10
    antennal primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    central brain primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    visual primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral head epidermis primordium

    Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    anterior endoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal ectoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | faint | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    posterior endoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral ectoderm
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 11 -- 12
    central brain primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    dorsal sensory complex primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain surface glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord neuron
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord surface glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | faint | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    procephalic neuroblast
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral nerve cord primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral sensory complex anlage
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic stage 12 -- 17
    embryonic brain
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    larval ventral nerve cord | ventral
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    embryonic stage 13 -- 16
    dorsal sensory complex proper primordium

    Comment: reported as dorsal/lateral sensory complexes

    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic brain
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain neuron
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic central brain surface glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic head sensory system
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic ventral epidermis
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    embryonic/larval nervous system
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord neuron
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    lateral cord surface glial cell
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    organism | faint | ubiquitous
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    sensory nervous system primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    larval ventral nerve cord
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    ventral sensory complex primordium
    (Fisher et al., 2012)
    oogenesis stage S4 -- S10
    nurse cell
    (Piccioni et al., 2009)
    oogenesis stage S4 -- S14
    oocyte
    (Piccioni et al., 2009)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    mira transcripts are detected in early embryos at stage 3. They start to accumulate in the procephalic and neurogenic regions starting in embryonic stage 8. They are observed in delaminating neuroblasts, in the posterior midgut primordia, and in SOP cells in the developing PNS. After germ band retraction, they remain only in the brain lobes and in the ventral region of the ventral nerve cord where cell divisions continue to take place. mira is expressed in neuroblasts, SOP cells, and cells in the PNS at the time of asymmetric cell division and pros localization.

    (Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    No Assay Recorded
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 8 -- 17
    neuroblast
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    midgut primordium
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    sensory mother cell
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    neuroblast

    Comment: metaphase

    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    neuroblast

    Comment: early prophase

    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    neuroblast

    Comment: late prophase

    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    neuroblast | subset
    (Tsuji et al., 2008)
    embryonic neuroblast
    • basal cortex

    Comment: localized in a dense basal cresent as cells enter mitosis

    (Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
    embryonic neuroblast
    • apical cortex

    Comment: localized in a diffuse apical cresent in mitotic cells

    (Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    embryonic stage 8 -- 17
    sensory mother cell
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    neuroblast
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    peripheral nervous system
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    posterior midgut primordium
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    embryonic stage 12 -- 17
    embryonic brain
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    larval ventral nerve cord | ventral
    (Shen et al., 1997)
    larval stage
    type I neuroblast | basal
    (Chai et al., 2013)
    second instar larval stage
    neuroblast | subset
    (Tsuji et al., 2008)
    third instar larval stage
    neuroblast | subset
    (Tsuji et al., 2008)
    larval neuroblast of embryonic/larval brain
    (Nishimura et al., 2008)
    ganglion mother cell of embryonic/larval brain
    (Nishimura et al., 2008)
    ganglion mother cell
    (Shaikh et al., 2016)
    larval neuroblast
    (Shaikh et al., 2016)
    wandering third instar larval stage
    larval neuroblast | subset
    (Yang et al., 2017)
    prepupal stage P4
    larval neuroblast | subset

    Comment: 8hrs APF

    (Yang et al., 2017)
    pupal stage P6
    larval neuroblast | subset

    Comment: 24hrs APF

    (Yang et al., 2017)
    pharate adult stage P8
    larval neuroblast | subset

    Comment: 48hrs APF

    (Yang et al., 2017)
    mass spectroscopy
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
    spermatozoon
    (Wasbrough et al., 2010, Dorus et al., 2006)
    western blot
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage -- adult stage
    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    embryonic cycle 1 -- embryonic cycle 9
    organism
    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    embryonic cycle 10 -- embryonic cycle 11
    organism
    • midbody
    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    organism
    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    organism
    • centrosome
    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    third instar larval stage
    larval ventral nerve cord & neuroblast
    • cytoplasm

    Comment: interphase

    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    larval ventral nerve cord & ganglion mother cell

    Comment: telophase

    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    larval ventral nerve cord & neuroblast

    Comment: prophase & metaphase & anaphase

    (Mollinari et al., 2002)
    oogenesis
    ovary

    Comment: prior to stage S10B

    (Piccioni et al., 2009)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    At late interphase stage, mira protein forms a crescent on the apical cortex of neuroblasts. Later in mitosis, it forms a crescent on the basal cortex. The asymmetric localization of mira protein during mitosis was shown to be an actin-dependent process.

    (Piccioni et al., 2009, Shen et al., 1998)

    mira is used as a marker for neuroblasts undergoing asymmetric cell division.

    (Tsuji et al., 2008, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)

    mira protein is expressed in the larval brain neuroblasts and GMCs, co-localising with MAGE protein.

    (Nishimura et al., 2008, Mollinari et al., 2002)

    The protein is detected as a uniform single band on western blots during all stages of development and all tissues tested that include several embryonic stages, larvae, pupae, male and female adults, ovaries, testes, imaginal discs and brain.

    (Mollinari et al., 2002, Shen et al., 1997)

    mira protein is detected in early embryos in the ectoderm but not in the mesodermal primordium. During neurogenesis, it is expressed in neuroblasts, in midgut stem cells in the endoderm, and in SOP cells in the developing PNS. All of these cells also synthesize and segregate pros protein to one of two daughter cells during asymmetric divisions.

    (Matsuzaki et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)

    mira protein starts to accumulate in the procephalic and neurogenic regions starting in embryonic stage 8. It is observed in delaminating neuroblasts, cells in the posterior midgut primordia, and SOP cells in the developing PNS. After germ band retraction, it remains only in the brain lobes and in the ventral region of the ventral nerve cord.

    (Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
    Marker for
     
    embryonic neuroblast
    (Albornoz et al., 2008)
    larval neuroblast
    (Xu et al., 2017)
    neuroblast
    (Sen et al., 2013)
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in apical cortex
    inferred from direct assay
    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    located_in apical part of cell
    inferred from direct assay
    (Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
    located_in apical plasma membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Matsuzaki et al., 1998, Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998)
    colocalizes_with aster
    inferred from direct assay
    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    located_in basal cortex
    inferred from direct assay
    (Yamamoto et al., 2008, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998)
    located_in basal part of cell
    inferred from direct assay
    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    located_in basal plasma membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Matsuzaki et al., 1998, Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
    located_in cell cortex
    inferred from direct assay
    (Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Petritsch et al., 2003, Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)
    located_in centrosome
    inferred from direct assay
    (Schuldt et al., 1998)
    located_in cytoplasm
    inferred from direct assay
    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    located_in membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Grice and Liu, 2011)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    Reporter: M{mira-mGFP6}
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    adult stage
    intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium
    (Bardin et al., 2010)
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\mira in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
    • Stages(s) 4-6
    • Stages(s) 7-8
    • Stages(s) 9-10
    • Stages(s) 11-12
    • Stages(s) 13-16
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 39 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mira
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mira
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
    Gene disrupted in
    Df(3R)I9
    (Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    Gene not disrupted in
    Df(3R)K17
    (Shen et al., 1998)
    Inferred from location ( 0 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
    Agam\AgaP_AGAP012079
    9 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mira. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    miraZZ176
    model of  brain cancer
    CEA
    (Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005)
    model of  cancer
    CEA
    (Janic et al., 2010)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    miraHMS00347
    exacerbates  central nervous system cancer
    modeled by NUAS.icd
    (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    mira
    detection by mass spectrometry, comigration in gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Ramat et al., 2017, Yousef et al., 2008)
    mira - aPKC
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, enzymatic study, autoradiography
    (Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)
    mira - baz
    pull down, anti tag western blot
    (Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)
    mira - brat
    isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, pull down
    (Liu et al., 2019, Jia et al., 2015, Komori et al., 2014, Lee et al., 2006)
    mira - cup
    two hybrid, pull down, western blot
    (Piccioni et al., 2009)
    mira - flfl
    two hybrid, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, autoradiography
    (Karman et al., 2020, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009)
    mira - gdrd
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    mira - insc
    pull down, autoradiography
    (Shen et al., 1998)
    mira - jar
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, autoradiography, western blot, anti tag western blot
    (Finan et al., 2011, Petritsch et al., 2003)
    mira - numb
    pull down, autoradiography
    (Shen et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
    mira - par-6
    pull down, western blot
    (Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)
    mira - pon
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Lu et al., 1998)
    mira - pros
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography, western blot, two hybrid
    (Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Petritsch et al., 2003, Shen et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997, Shen et al., 1997)
    mira - stau
    molecular sieving, predetermined participant, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, two hybrid, x-ray crystallography
    (Jia et al., 2015, Petritsch et al., 2003, Schuldt et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1998)
    mira - zip
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Petritsch et al., 2003)
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    mira
    detection by mass spectrometry, comigration in gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Ramat et al., 2017, Yousef et al., 2008)
    mira - pros
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography, western blot, two hybrid
    (Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Petritsch et al., 2003, Shen et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997, Shen et al., 1997)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    mira
    suppressible
    capu
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    CycE
    (Berger et al., 2010)
    mira
    suppressible
    exu
    (Irion et al., 2006)
    mira
    suppressible
    osk
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    shot
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    spir
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    stau
    (Irion et al., 2006)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)1-1A2-2
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)1A4-1
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)1E2-4
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)1E3-2
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)1F2-3
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)2
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)2A2-1
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)2C2-1
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)2E2-3
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)3-1A2-2
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)3
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)3C2-1
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    Su(Mir)3D1-1
    (Chang et al., 2011)
    mira
    suppressible
    swa
    (Irion et al., 2006)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    cup
    enhanceable
    mira
    (Piccioni et al., 2009)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-67
    Cytogenetic map
    92B9-92B9
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    92B9-92B9
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    92C-92C
    (Shen, 1998.2.2)
    92B-92C
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka, 1997.7.10)
    92C-92C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997, Shen et al., 1997)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-67

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-69.5

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-67.7

    (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (8)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (398)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          (Kiger et al., 2003)

          mira protein localization in embryonic neuroblasts requires jar.

          (Petritsch et al., 2003)

          mira and pros seem to be upstream of gcm in the cascade of cell fate decision in the NB6-4T lineage. mira and insc are required for the correct cortical location of pros protein in NB6-4T.

          (Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)

          mira localises pros and stau asymmetrically in mitotic neuroblasts and epithelial cells in early embryogenesis.

          (Matsuzaki et al., 1998)

          mira is required for the correct localisation of stau protein and pros mRNA.

          (Schuldt et al., 1998)

          mira protein contains multiple functional domains: an amino-terminal asymmetric localisation domain which interacts with insc protein, a central numb interaction domain, and a more carboxy-terminal pros interaction domain. mira function is required for asymmetrical localisation of stau protein.

          (Shen et al., 1998)

          mira protein interacts directly with the pros gene product, directs pros to the GMC daughter cell during asymmetric divisions, tethers pros protein to the basal cortex of mitotic neuroblasts, and releases pros from the cell cortex within the GMCs.

          (Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          The gene is named after Miranda, Prospero's daughter and companion in exile in "The Tempest".

          (Shen et al., 1997)
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG12249
          (Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          MIR
          (Ceron et al., 2001)
          MIRA
          (Homem et al., 2015, Colonques et al., 2011, Kurusu et al., 2009, Bello et al., 2008)
          Mir
          (Carmena, 2020, Kullmann and Krahn, 2018, Fuse et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2010, Tsuji et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2008, Siegrist and Doe, 2006, Chotard et al., 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Siller et al., 2004, Justice and Jan, 2003, Yu et al., 2003, Yu et al., 2002, Cai et al., 2001, Hong et al., 2001)
          Mira
          (Voutyraki et al., 2023, Deng and Wang, 2022, Connacher and Goldstrohm, 2021, Gong et al., 2021, Keegan and Hughes, 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Gangwani et al., 2020, Karman et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Loyer and Januschke, 2020, Bridi et al., 2019, Curt et al., 2019, Hannaford et al., 2019, Link et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2019, Pham et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Carmena, 2018, Hakes et al., 2018, Golub et al., 2017, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Yadav et al., 2016, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016, Loedige et al., 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Mauri et al., 2014, Chai et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kohwi et al., 2013, Li, 2013, Lu and Johnston, 2013, Morante et al., 2013, Noatynska et al., 2013, Rujano et al., 2013, Zhou and Luo, 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Homem and Knoblich, 2012, Oyallon et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Yoshiura et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Boyan and Williams, 2011, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Kohwi et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Nance and Zallen, 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Sabino et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Weng and Lee, 2011, Grant et al., 2010, Januschke and Gonzalez, 2010, Kitajima et al., 2010, Krahn et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2010, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Chabu and Doe, 2009, Fichelson et al., 2009, Johnston et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Krahn et al., 2009, Newman and Prehoda, 2009, Ogawa et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Basto et al., 2008, Boone and Doe, 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, Giansanti et al., 2008, Maurange et al., 2008, Perdigoto et al., 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Atwood et al., 2007, Bello et al., 2007, Bonaccorsi et al., 2007, Egger et al., 2007, Hayden et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Bello et al., 2006, Bowman et al., 2006, Siegrist and Doe, 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wodarz and Gonzalez, 2006, Wang et al., 2005, Yu et al., 2002)
          Miranda
          (Zhang et al., 2020, Koe et al., 2014, Bergstralh et al., 2013, Noatynska et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Saini and Reichert, 2012, Grice and Liu, 2011, Giansanti et al., 2008)
          mir
          (Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Bauer-DuMont et al., 2004, Siller et al., 2002, Begun, 2001, Bilder, 2001, Freeman and Doe, 2001, Siegrist and Doe, 2001, Begun and Whitley, 2000, Yu et al., 2000, Peng et al., 1998)
          mira
          (Ko et al., 2024, Wu et al., 2023, Zhao et al., 2022, Hung et al., 2020, Li and Hidalgo, 2020, Magadi et al., 2020, Wen, 2020, Arbel et al., 2019, Endow et al., 2019, Li et al., 2018, Loewen et al., 2018, Mora et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Ramat et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2015, Jia et al., 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Lai and Doe, 2014, Siller, 2014.5.30, Tipping and Perrimon, 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Homem et al., 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Zeng et al., 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Chang et al., 2011, Halbsgut et al., 2011, Miles et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Pandey et al., 2011, Sabino et al., 2011, Smith and Prehoda, 2011, Bardin et al., 2010, Berger et al., 2010, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Janic et al., 2010, Januschke and Gonzalez, 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Piccioni et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Castellanos et al., 2008, Nishimura et al., 2008, Wheeler et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Griffiths et al., 2007, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Basto et al., 2006, Choksi et al., 2006, Dorus et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Budde, 2005, Caussinus and Gonzalez, 2005, Clevers, 2005, Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Albertson et al., 2004)
          miranda
          (Liu et al., 2020)
          Name Synonyms
          Miranda
          (Rai et al., 2024, Thompson, 2022, Bonello et al., 2021, Dapergola et al., 2021, Majumdar and Liu, 2020, Mira and Morante, 2020, Kono et al., 2019, Hakes et al., 2018, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Bajaj et al., 2015, Bell et al., 2015, Schweisguth, 2015, Gardiol and St Johnston, 2014, Culurgioni and Mapelli, 2013, Fuse et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Rujano et al., 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Homem and Knoblich, 2012, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2011, Finan et al., 2011, Kohwi et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Sabino et al., 2011, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Godin et al., 2010, Grant et al., 2010, Januschke and Gonzalez, 2010, Kitajima et al., 2010, Krahn et al., 2010, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2010, Weng et al., 2010, Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Chabu and Doe, 2009, Fichelson et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Ogawa et al., 2009, Pisa et al., 2009, Read et al., 2009, Albornoz et al., 2008, Basto et al., 2008, Bello et al., 2008, Benetka et al., 2008, Boone and Doe, 2008, Chabu and Doe, 2008, Chia et al., 2008, Erben et al., 2008, Kaplow et al., 2008, Krahn and Wodarz, 2008, Lin, 2008, Nishimura et al., 2008, Perdigoto et al., 2008, Rusan et al., 2008, Siller and Doe, 2008, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2008, Tsuji et al., 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Yamamoto et al., 2008, Yamashita and Fuller, 2008, Yousef et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2008, Atwood et al., 2007, Bonaccorsi et al., 2007, Hayden et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Ottone et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Beckingham et al., 2006, Bello et al., 2006, Betschinger et al., 2006, Bowman et al., 2006, Ceron et al., 2006, Irion et al., 2006, Izumi et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Slack et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Ahringer, 2005, Chotard et al., 2005, Hampoelz et al., 2005, Siegrist and Doe, 2005, Yamashita et al., 2005, Albertson et al., 2004, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Petritsch et al., 2003, Yu et al., 2002, Dawes-Hoang and Wieschaus, 2001, Ohshiro et al., 2001, Peng et al., 2000, Ikeshima-Kataoka, 1997.7.10)
          miranda
          (Josserand et al., 2023, Soares et al., 2022, Furman and Bukharina, 2011, Miles et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Pandey et al., 2011, Smith and Prehoda, 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Cabernard et al., 2010, Janic et al., 2010, Piccioni et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Wheeler et al., 2008, Slack et al., 2007, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Shen et al., 1997)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (416)