Abnormalities in the amount or structure of SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPase proteins have been linked to cardiac malfunction in mammals. There are three SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPase genes in human, ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and ATP2A3, more completely described as encoding ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca[2+] transporting proteins. ATP2A1 and ATP2A2 are implicated in human diseases (see Brody myopathy, MIM:601003, and the OMIM report for ATP2A2, MIM:108740), as are several related genes (see 'neurological disorders, ATPα-related' FBhh0000547, and 'migraine, familial hemiplegic 2' FBhh0000548). There is a single orthologous gene in Drosophila, Dmel\SERCA, for which classical loss-of-function alleles, RNAi targeting constructs, and alleles caused by insertional mutagenesis have been generated.
None of the ATP2A human genes has been introduced into flies.
Dmel\SERCA protein is observed at high levels in the larval heart. Animals homozygous for temperature-sensitive loss-of-function mutations exhibit serious defects in muscle action potential generation in flight muscles; the phenotype is more severe at elevated temperatures. Heart beat, monitored at the white prepupal stage, shows a decrease in frequency and abnormal rhythmicity in mutant animals at elevated temperatures. Genetic and many physical interactions have been described for Dmel\SERCA; see below and in the SERCA gene report.
See also 'neuromuscular disease, ATP2A-related' (FBhh0000729).
[updated Feb. 2018 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]
The term "arrhythmia" refers to any change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses in the heart, such as atrial fibrillation, bradycardia (slow heartbeat), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), conduction disorders, rhythm disorders, ventricular fibrillation, premature contractions. Arrhythmias may be completely harmless or life-threatening. (http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/About-Arrhythmia_UCM_002010_Article.jsp)
ATP2A1, ATP2A2, ATP2A3 encode SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen; some are involved in calcium sequestration associated with muscular excitation and contraction. [Gene Cards, ATP2A1, ATP2A2, ATP2A3; 2018.02.15]
Many to one: 3 human to 1 Drosophila. The human genes are ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and ATP2A3.
Many to one: 3 human to 1 Drosophila. The human genes are ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and ATP2A3.
Many to one: 3 human to 1 Drosophila. The human genes are ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and ATP2A3.
High-scoring ortholog of human ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and ATP2A3 (1 Drosophila to 3 human); Dmel\SERCA shares 68-72% identity and 80-85% similarity with the human genes.