FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Hira[185b]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Hira^185b

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0099825

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Hira

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

ssm^185b, Hira^ssm, ssm, sesame

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Loppin et al., 2000)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Loppin, 1999.9.16)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Amino acid replacement: R225K.

(Loppin et al., 2005)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

X:7,722,996..7,722,996 [+]

Nucleotide change:

G7722996A

Amino acid change:

R225K | Hira-PA

Reported amino acid change:

R225K

Comment:

Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change.

(Loppin et al., 2005, Loppin, 1999.9.16)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

cephalopharyngeal skeleton | maternal effect

(Loppin et al., 2000)

cephalopharyngeal skeleton | maternal effect (with Df(1)ct4b1)

(Loppin et al., 2000)

embryo | embryonic stage 1

(Levine et al., 2015)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect

(Loppin et al., 2000)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect (with Df(1)ct4b1)

(Loppin et al., 2000)

male pronucleus

(Loppin et al., 2001)

male pronucleus & nuclear membrane | non-rescuable maternal effect

(Loppin and Couble, 1999)

male pronucleus | maternal effect

(Dubruille et al., 2023, Bonnefoy et al., 2007, Loppin et al., 2000)

male pronucleus | maternal effect (with Df(1)ct4b1)

(Loppin et al., 2000)

male pronucleus | non-rescuable maternal effect

(Loppin and Couble, 1999)

mitotic cell cycle | maternal effect

(Loppin et al., 2000)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

In eggs laid by homozygous Hira^185b mutant females, the paternal DNA fails to decondense and so does not participate in zygotic mitosis. The haploid maternal chromosome undergoes mitotic cycling until late embryogenesis.

(Levine et al., 2015)

Crosses of Hira^185b mutant males free of Wolbachia infection to wild-type females free of Wolbachia infection result in significantly lower egg hatch rates (72.98 +/- 5.10%) relative to crosses of wild-type males free of Wolbachia infection to wild-type females free of Wolbachia infection. The sex ratio ( female:male ) of the offspring is 0.68 +/- 0.08. Crosses of Hira^185b mutant males free of Wolbachia infection to wild-type females infected with Wolbachia show no significant differences in hatch rate (86.81 +/- 4.37%) comparing with the uninfected crosses. The sex ratio ( female:male ) of the offspring is normal.

(Zheng et al., 2011)

The male pronucleus appears more condensed and smaller than the female pronucleus at the pronuclear apposition stage in eggs derived from mutant females.

(Bonnefoy et al., 2007)

Most embryos laid by Hira^185b/Hira^185b mothers complete organogenesis and (70%+) form a cuticle but do not hatch. All are embryos are gynogenetic haploid embryos, eggs are fertilised but develop only with the maternal complement. Those embryos that develop a cuticle form an abnormal dorsal epidermis. This phenotype is most often accompanied by various defects in the cephalopharyngeal apparatus. About 25% of Hira^185b cuticles have apparently no major defects, except for a slight curved shape. Female meiosis, sperm penetration, and pronuclear migration are not affected by the Hira^185b mutation. The male pronucleus is smaller (about a quarter of wild-type diameter) and abnormally condensed. The male pronucleus retains an abnormal shape. The paternal chromatin is excluded from the spindle that organises the maternal chromosomes. During the next syncitial divisions, the male pronucleus remains in the same inert state and is usually found in the close vicinity of one of the haploid cleavage nuclei in the anterior third of the embryo, where the first division takes place. In rare cases (<5%) of cycle 1 embryos, a chromatin bridge is formed between the two daughter nuclei at late anaphase, which eventually breaks at telophase. In a fraction of mutant eggs, the male pronucleus associates with an additional aster of microtubules. The male nucleus is deformed by its association with astral microtubules. The aberrant behaviour of the male pronucleus is not caused by an inability to form a pronuclear envelope, the arrest of the male nuclear division cycle occurs after pronuclear envelope breakdown. Eggs laid by Hira^185b/Df(1)ct4b1 females show similar defects to those laid by Hira^185b homozygotes. In eggs laid by double homozygous Hira^185b, Klp3A³ mothers, the single centrally located nucleus has abnormally condensed chromatin. The male stock often displays an elongated protrusion of chromatin extending towards a free aster (as seen in embryos laid by Klp3A³ mothers), sometimes forming a hemispindle. About 40% of eggs laid by Hira^185b/Df(1)ct268-42 mothers hatch.

(Loppin et al., 2000)

Homozygous females produce embryos that die at the end of embryogenesis whatever male is used in the parental cross. The embryos are haploid and contain only the maternal complement. The eggs derived from homozygous females are normally fertilised and the male and female pronuclei migrate towards each other to become closely apposed as in wild-type eggs. At this stage the male pronucleus appears very different from the interphasic female pronucleus, strongly suggesting the presence of abnormally condensed chromatin. The female pronucleus is the only one to divide, leading to the formation of a haploid embryo.

(Loppin and Couble, 1999)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b has abnormal mitotic cell cycle | embryonic stage 1 phenotype, non-suppressible by HP1e^GD13814/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

(Levine et al., 2015)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b is a non-suppressor of abnormal mitotic cell cycle | paternal effect | embryonic stage 1 phenotype of HP1e^GD13814

(Levine et al., 2015)

Other

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b, pal¹ has some die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal¹/Df(2L)Exel6024, Hira^185b has some die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal¹/Df(2L)Exel6024, Hira^185b has partially lethal - majority live | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

Hira^185b, pal^RT4 has lethal - all die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal¹/Df(2L)ED690, Hira^185b has some die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal^Δ4/Df(2L)Exel6024, Hira^185b has some die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal¹/Df(2L)Exel6024, Hira^185b, pal^+t8 has lethal - all die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

pal¹/Df(2L)ED690, Hira^185b, pal^Tag:V5 has lethal - all die during embryonic stage | parental effect phenotype

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b has male pronucleus phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2/Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2

(Loppin et al., 2000)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b has embryo | embryonic stage 1 phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI/HP1e^null

(Levine et al., 2015)

Hira^185b has male pronucleus phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2/Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2

(Loppin et al., 2000)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b is a non-enhancer of male pronucleus | paternal effect phenotype of pal¹/Df(2L)Exel6024

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Hira^185b is a non-suppressor of male pronucleus | paternal effect phenotype of pal¹/Df(2L)Exel6024

(Dubruille et al., 2023)

Hira^185b is a non-suppressor of embryo | embryonic stage 1 phenotype of HP1e^GD13814

(Levine et al., 2015)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Crossing to homozygous Hira^185b mutant females suppresses the early mitotic arrest phenotype observed in embryos produced when males expressing HP1e^GD13814 under the control of Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI are crossed to wild type females. As in homozygous Hira^185b mutants alone, the maternal DNA continues to cycle until late embryogenesis.

(Levine et al., 2015)

The male nucleus in fertilised eggs derived from Hira^185b/Hira^185b ; sra^A108/Df(3R)sbd45 females is identical in shape and size to the male nucleus in eggs derived from Hira^185b/Hira^185b females.

(Bonnefoy et al., 2007)

In 94% of eggs derived from Hira^185b ; plu³ double homozygous females, the male pronucleus displays a typical Hira mutant phenotype, appearing very small in size and containing condensed chromosomes, whereas the female pronucleus and polar bodies are usually larger than control nuclei in these eggs. In the rest of the mutant eggs, there is limited and heterogeneous decondensation of the paternal chromatin. In 89% of eggs derived from Hira^185b ; gnu³⁰⁵ double homozygous females, the male pronucleus displays a typical Hira mutant phenotype, appearing very small in size and containing condensed chromosomes, whereas the female pronucleus and polar bodies are usually larger than control nuclei in these eggs. In the rest of the mutant eggs, there is limited and heterogeneous decondensation of the paternal chromatin.

(Loppin et al., 2001)

Fertilised eggs from double mutant Hira^185b mh¹ females contain a round condensed male pronucleus indistinguishable from that of Hira^185b single mutants. The four pairs of maternal sister chromatids separate in anaphase of the first mitosis and bridges in telophase are not observed more frequently than controls.

(Loppin et al., 2001)

The addition of Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2/Df(3R)ms(3)K81-2 to Hira^185b/Hira^185b mothers produced embryos with a Hira^185b phenotype.

(Loppin et al., 2000)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

Hira^185b is rescued by Hira^+tLa

(Loppin et al., 2005)

Hira^185b is rescued by Hira^Tag:FLAG

(Loppin et al., 2005)

Not rescued by

Hira^185b is not rescued by Hira^tLb

(Loppin et al., 2005)

Hira^185b is not rescued by Hira^ssm.Tag:FLAG

(Loppin et al., 2005)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

95536

w^* Hira^185b/FM7b; P{yem-FLAG.HPF}2

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Hira¹⁸⁵

(Grice et al., 2015)

Hira^185b

(Syed et al., 2021)

Hira^ssm

(Dubruille et al., 2023, Shindo and Amodeo, 2019, Horard et al., 2018, Orsi et al., 2013, Zheng et al., 2011, Bonnefoy et al., 2007)

fs(1)185b

hira^R225K

(Nakayama et al., 2007)

hira^ssm

(Tirmarche et al., 2016)

sesame^185b

(Levine et al., 2015)

ssm

(Syed et al., 2021, Ambrosi et al., 2014, Di Talia et al., 2013, Nakayama et al., 2012, Loppin and Couble, 1999)

ssm^185b

(Blythe and Wieschaus, 2016, Bonnefoy et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Loppin et al., 2005, Raja and Renkawitz-Pohl, 2005, Loppin et al., 2001, Loppin et al., 2001, Loppin et al., 2000, Loppin, 1999.9.16)

Name Synonyms

sesame

(Ambrosi et al., 2014, Di Talia et al., 2013, Di Talia et al., 2013)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (24)

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