FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\polo[S132408]

Neuroblasts in polo^S132408/polo^S025604 and polo¹/polo^S132408 transheterozygous third instar larval brains are increased in number and show increased time in mitosis, with a delay between spindle assembly checkpoint silencing and anaphase onset. Brain material transplanted into wild-type host abdomens develops into tumors.

polo¹/polo^S132408 and polo^S025604/polo^S132408transheterozygous third instar larval brains show low but significant levels of aneuploidy/polyploidy.

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Homozygous embryos show localised increased or decreased in cardial cell (CC) number, larger than normal CC nuclei and incorrectly positioned CCs.

(Ahmad et al., 2012)

polo^S132408 mutant third instar larval brains exhibit mitotic arrest.

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

Mutants show a neuroblast overproliferation phenotype.

(Wang et al., 2007)

polo^S025604/polo^S132408 animals survive to adult but are sterile

(Clarke et al., 2005)

Lethal phase is during the third larval instar. Mutant larval brains have a mitotic index that is elevated about 8-fold above that of wild-type cells. The mitotic chromosomes are much more highly condensed than normal. Many cells appear arrested in a metaphase-like state (the metaphase/anaphase ratio is 26.1 compared to 5.8 in wild-type cells). The proportion of figures in which chromosomes are well separated at anaphase is relatively low, although in absolute numbers it is comparable to that in wild-type cells. 11.3% of mitotic cells are aneuploid or polyploid. A small fraction (1.2%) of circular mitotic figures is seen. Approximately 40% of cells show premature separation of at least one set of their sister chromatids. In addition, chromosomes frequently appear to be connected through their telomeric regions. The metaphase arrested cells have robust arrays of microtubules but lack asters at their poles. 78.6% of pairs of sister centromeric regions show separation.

(Donaldson et al., 2001)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has increased cell number | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has neoplasia | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has neoplasia | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has increased cell number | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

mad2^G6595, polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^{T182D.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408 has abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype, suppressible by mad2^EY21687

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

polo^S132408 has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible by mad2^EY21687

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

mad2^EY21687, polo^S132408 has abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype, suppressible by polo^{D166N.UAS.GFP}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

mad2^EY21687, polo^S132408 has decreased cell death phenotype, suppressible by polo^{D166N.UAS.GFP}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

polo^S132408 has abnormal mitotic cell cycle | recessive phenotype, suppressible by BubR1^k06109

(Donaldson et al., 2001)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo¹ has decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has neoplasia | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is an enhancer of abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage phenotype of mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ is an enhancer of abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage phenotype of mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408 is a suppressor | partially of abnormal meiotic cell cycle phenotype of mei-S332⁸

(Clarke et al., 2005)

Other

Statement

Reference

pim^{g.dba.Tag:MYC}, polo^S132408 has abnormal mitotic cell cycle | embryonic stage 14 phenotype

(Leismann and Lehner, 2003)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo¹ has larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage | increased number phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ has embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo¹ has larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

mad2^G6595, polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^{T182D.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 has larval neuroblast | increased number | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408 has mitotic cell cycle phenotype, suppressible by BubR1^k06109

(Donaldson et al., 2001)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo¹ has larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408 has aster phenotype, non-suppressible by BubR1^k06109

(Donaldson et al., 2001)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is an enhancer of embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage phenotype of mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo¹ is an enhancer of embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage phenotype of mad2^G6595

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Other

Statement

Reference

pim^{g.dba.Tag:MYC}, polo^S132408 has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | embryonic stage 14 phenotype

(Leismann and Lehner, 2003)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

A mad2^EY21687 background suppresses the mitotic arrest found in polo^S132408 mutants. A mad2^EY21687 background reduces the rate of apoptosis in polo^S132408 mutants close to that of wild-type cells.

Expression of polo^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 in a polo^S132408 and mad2^EY21687 double mutants results in the majority of cells undergoing normal cytokinesis and mitosis.

Expression of polo^{D166N.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^da.G32 in a polo^S132408 and mad2^EY21687 double mutants results in metaphase arrest.

(Ebrahimi et al., 2010)

The non-disjunction phenotype seen in mei-S332⁸/+ sperm is partially suppressed bypolo^S132408.

(Clarke et al., 2005)

The CNS of stage 14 polo^S132408 homozygous embryos carrying pim^{g.dba.T:Hsap\MYC} contains many abormal cells with very large polyploid nuclei.

(Leismann and Lehner, 2003)

Cells in polo^S132408 BubR1^k06109 double mutant larval brains have a mitotic index of 3.7, comparable to the wild-type value of 3.3 (polo^S132408 single mutants have a mitotic index of 25.0). The spindles still show the characteristic polo mutant defects at the poles (which are anastral). Sister chromatids already separated at metaphase and lagging chromatids at anaphase are seen (similar to those seen in BubR1 single mutants). 49.2% of mitotic figures are aneuploid or polyploid.

Cells in polo^S132408 Bub1^k06109 double mutant larval brains have a mitotic index of 3.7, comparable to the wild-type value of 3.3 (polo^S132408 single mutants have a mitotic index of 25.0). The spindles still show the characteristic polo mutant defects at the poles (which are anastral). Sister chromatids already separated at metaphase and lagging chromatids at anaphase are seen (similar to those seen in Bub1 single mutants). 49.2% of mitotic figures are aneuploid or polyploid.

(Donaldson et al., 2001)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is rescued by polo^UASp.RR.GFP/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^UASp.RR.GFP

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Partially rescued by

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^{T182D.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

Not rescued by

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is not rescued by polo^{K54M.UASp.RR.GFP}/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^{K54M.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is not rescued by polo^{T182A.UASp.RR.GFP}/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/polo^{T182A.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

polo^S132408/polo^S025604 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI/polo^{T182D.UASp.RR.GFP}

(Gallaud et al., 2022)

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Mutant

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Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

(Donaldson, 2001.6.18)

1324/08

(Deak et al., 1997)

1324/8

(Donaldson, 2001.6.18)

l(3)S132408^S132408

polo¹⁰

(Gallaud et al., 2022, Landmann et al., 2020, Lee et al., 2016, Ahmad et al., 2014, Ahmad et al., 2012, Ebrahimi et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2007, Clarke et al., 2005, Leismann and Lehner, 2003, Donaldson et al., 2001)

polo^S132408

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (13)

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