FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\ft[422]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ft⁴²²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0138227

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\ft

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

Mutagen

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal cell growth | somatic clone

(Willecke et al., 2006)

abnormal cell shape | somatic clone

(Jaiswal et al., 2006)

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone

(Rawls et al., 2002)

abnormal size | third instar larval stage (with ft⁸)

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with ft⁸)

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Imaginal discs heterozygous for ft⁴²² are normal in size and shape and give rise to normally sized and patterned adult organs.

Eye and wing imaginal discs mutant for ft⁸/ft⁴²² exhibit substantial increases in size and display a 'rippled' morphology compared to wild-type discs, which are mostly flat.

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

Somatic clones lacking ft⁴²² display overgrown and altered cell-cell adhesion with characteristic circular and smooth clone borders , unlike the 'wiggly' borders of their wild-type neighbours.

(Jaiswal et al., 2006)

Clones of ft⁴²² mutant cells produce dramatic outgrowths in diverse adult structures such as antennae, thoraxes, wings, and legs. In addition to growing beyond normal tissue size, ft⁴²² mutant cells exhibit a growth advantage over wild-type cells. ft⁴²² FLP-induced mutant clones in the third instar occupy nearly the entire disc tissues in contrast to wild-type clones, which occupy less than half of the discs.

ft⁴²² mutant heads are severely overgrown, with slightly bigger but deformed eyes and duplications of ventral vibrissae.

ft⁴²² mutant retina exhibit only a few more pigment cells than wild-type, indciating a slight increase in the number of interommatidial cells.

(Willecke et al., 2006)

In ft⁴²² null clones, approximately 52.5% of ommatidia, including mosaic and mutant ommatidia, exhibit defects in polarity. Of these 50.5% are inverted on their dorsal ventral (D/V) axis. The remaining 2% of ommatidia are inverted on their anterior posterior axis or on both axes. Furthermore 98% of mosaic ommatidia that are phenotypically mutant are inverted on their D/V axis. Ommatidia inverted on their D/V axis preferentially localise toward the polar border such that the phenotypically mutant ommatidia are found in the polar region of the clone and phenotypically wild-type ommatidia are found along the equatorial border. This leads to the formation of an "inverted equator" within the clone, in which the points of opposing trapezoids face each other. Inverted equators consistently arise approximately 2 rows from the equatorial border of the clone. ft⁴²² clones in the eye occasionally lie along the equator but are not seen top cross it. In homozygous mutant eyes (generated by mitotic recombination using the "EGUF/hid method") the dorsal ventral axis is so severely perturbed that the endogenous equator is abolished. When ommatidia are examined that are mosaic (with respect to ft⁴²²) in the pair of photoreceptor cells, R3 and R4, 82% of the time the mutant cell is R4 and the wild-type cell R3. When the pair R2 and R5 are examined, 75% of the time the mutant cell is R5 and the wild-type cell R2. When the pair R1 and R6 are examined, 81% of the time the mutant cell is R6 and the wild-type cell R1.

(Rawls et al., 2002)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has abnormal size | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by wts^x1/wts[+]

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has lethal - all die before end of pupal stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by yki[+]/yki^B5

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁴²² has abnormal cell growth | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Other

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²², yki[+]/yki^B5 has visible | adult stage phenotype

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁸/ft⁴²², yki[+]/yki^B5 has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ex^BQ, ft⁴²² has abnormal size phenotype

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has wing disc | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by wts^x1/wts[+]

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has eye disc | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by wts^x1/wts[+]

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

ft⁴²² has eye | somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by ds^UAO71

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has interommatidial bristle | somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by ds^UAO71

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has pigment cell | somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by ds^UAO71

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has wing disc | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by yki[+]/yki^B5

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁸/ft⁴²² has eye disc | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by yki[+]/yki^B5

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁴²² has eye | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has interommatidial bristle | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has pigment cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ft⁴²² has adult antennal segment | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has adult thorax | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has wing | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has leg | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has adult head | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

ft⁴²² has vibrissal bristle | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by ex^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

ft⁴²² is an enhancer of interommatidial bristle phenotype of Mer⁴

(Willecke et al., 2006)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

ft⁴²² is a non-enhancer of interommatidial bristle phenotype of ex^BQ

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Other

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²², yki[+]/yki^B5 has eye | adult stage phenotype

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

ft⁸/ft⁴²², yki[+]/yki^B5 has wing | adult stage phenotype

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

ft⁸/ft⁴²² mutants, heterozygous for wts^x1 exhibit a significant increase in size, both from wild-type and the ft⁸/ft⁴²² double mutant, and display an even more 'rippled' morphology.

ft⁸/ft⁴²² mutants, heterozygous for yki^B5 exhibit a size and morphology similar to those of wild-type discs, indicating suppression of the ft⁸/ft⁴²² phenotype through yki^B5.

ft⁸/ft⁴²² mutants, heterozygous for yki^B5 progress to the late pupal stage of development, with some surviving to adulthood. ft⁸ yki^B5/ft⁴²² flies display defects in the size and morphology of eyes, wings, and some bristles.

(Bennett and Harvey, 2006)

N^l1N-ts1;ft⁸/ft⁴²² double mutant larvae grown at restrictive temperature show distal wing growth.

(Jaiswal et al., 2006)

Overexpression of ex^Scer\UAS.cBa in the developing eyes of ft⁴²² mutant heads, under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF results in small and rough eyes, very similar to the overexpression of ex^Scer\UAS.cBa in a wild-type background, indicating that ex^Scer\UAS.cBa expression suppresses the ft⁴²² mutant eye phenotype. ft⁴²² mutant phenotypes, such as extra vibrassae, are still observed in the head cuticle, where ex^Scer\UAS.cBa is not overexpressed (under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF).

ft⁴²²;Mer⁴ double mutants exhibit a large excess of interommatidial cells, in a very similar manner to hpo mutants.

ft⁴²²;ex^BQ double mutant retinae do not exhibit large numbers of interommatidial cells and resemble the ex^BQ and ft⁴²² single mutant phenotypes. However, ft⁴²²;ex^BQ double mutant clones exhibit stronger overgrowth phenotypes than the single mutants in the head outside the retina, that ft and ex may also have functions independent of each other.

ds^UAO71 mutants do not significantly enhance the extra ommatidial cell phenotype of ft⁴²² mutants.

(Willecke et al., 2006)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (1)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ft⁴²²

(Bossuyt et al., 2014, Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2010, Bennett and Harvey, 2006, Jaiswal et al., 2006, Willecke et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (7)

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