FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Hand[ko]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Hand^ko

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0196563

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Hand

Associated Insertion(s)

TI{TI}Hand^ko

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Han et al., 2006)

Mutagen

recombination

(Han et al., 2006)

I-SceI

(Han et al., 2006)

FLPase

(Han et al., 2006)

ends-out gene targeting

(Han et al., 2006)

Progenitor genotype

Associated Insertion(s)

TI{TI}Hand^ko

Cytology

Description

The Hand coding region has been replaced by a w[+] marker.

(Han et al., 2006)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

alary cell

(Han et al., 2006)

cardioblast

(Han et al., 2006)

embryonic/larval heart

(Han et al., 2006)

embryonic/larval pericardial cell

(Han et al., 2006)

embryonic pericardial cell

(Han et al., 2006)

lymph gland derived hemocyte

(Han et al., 2006)

lymph gland primordium

(Han et al., 2006)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Hand¹⁷³/Hand^ko and Hand^ko/Df(2L)J1 adults suffer a high rate of premature mortality.

(Lo et al., 2007)

Visceral mesoderm development appears normal in homozygous Hand^ko embryos.

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

40% of Hand^ko mutants die as embryos and the remaining 60% die as first instar larvae. Hand^ko larvae are smaller and less active than wild-type larvae. About ~3% of mutants survive for a few days after hatching, but are sluggish and remain as small as first instar larvae.

Approximately 20% of Hand^ko mutant embryos show a range of cardiac morphological defects, including misalignment of cardioblasts and reduced numbers of pericardial nephrocytes. Additionally, the number of lymph gland

hematopoietic cells is reduced in more than half of Hand^ko mutant embryos and lymph gland cell clusters are often missing completely. Severely affected embryos (about 3%) show a significant reduction of all three cell types. However, neither the ring gland nor somatic muscles are affected.

Hand^ko mutants that survive to the first instar larval stage show cardiac and lymph gland defects. At 18 hours after egg laying (AEL), the majority of Hand^ko mutants have cardioblasts and pericardial cells that are well aligned at the dorsal midline. However, the number of lymph gland hematopoietic cells flanking the anterior aorta is largely reduced at this stage. By 20 hours AEL a subset of Hand^ko mutants start to show a reduced number of pericardial cells and thinner heart tube. The cardiac morphological defects become more significant around 24 hours AEL as mutants show a hypoplastic heart with an abnormally thin heart tube and further reduced numbers of pericardial cells, as well as gaps in the posterior heart tube. By 26 hours AEL the three-dimensional chamber-like structure of the posterior heart is dramatically disrupted and most pericardial nephrocytes are missing. The lymph gland is absent or largely reduced by 24 hours AEL in the majority of Hand^ko first instar larvae. TUNEL labelling shows that more than 30% of Hand^ko larvae show increased apoptosis in regions normally occupied by lymph gland hematopoietic progenitors and pericardial cells and that a subset of mutants show increased apoptosis of the cardioblasts.

(Han et al., 2006)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Hand^ko has increased cell death phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Hand^ko has lethal | first instar larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Hand^ko has lymph gland primordium phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has alary cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic/larval pericardial cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has lymph gland derived hemocyte phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic/larval heart phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic pericardial cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has alary cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic/larval pericardial cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has lymph gland derived hemocyte phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic/larval heart phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has cardioblast phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has embryonic pericardial cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Hand^ko has lymph gland primordium phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand/Hsap\HAND2^UAS.cHa

(Han et al., 2006)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Expression of BacA\p35^Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand in Hand^ko mutant embryos prevents ectopic apoptosis. These mutants no longer show reduced lymph gland hematopoietic progenitors and pericardial nephrocytes during the late stage embryonic stage. Larval lethality is not prevented but is delayed. At 18 hours AEL, Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand>BacA\p35^Scer\UAS.cHa; Hand^ko larvae start to display an abnormal appearance. At 24 hours AEL, these larvae develop thin hypoplastic hearts and reduced lymph gland hematopoietic progenitors, although this phenotype is less severe than that seen at the same stage in Hand^ko larvae.

Expression of Hsap\HAND2^Scer\UAS.cHa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand, in Hand^ko mutant embryos rescues the cardiac and lymph gland defects of these mutants, such that almost all embryos hatch and develop into first instar larvae with nearly normal hearts and lymph glands. These larvae survive for up to 6 days.

(Han et al., 2006)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

Hand^ko is rescued by Hand^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand

(Han et al., 2006)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Separable from: a second-site lethal mutation.

(Lo et al., 2007)

The occasional embryonic dorsal vessel defects observed in FBrf0190292 for the Hand^ko chromosome are attributable to a linked lethal mutation on the chromosome and not due to the loss of Hand function caused by the Hand^ko allele itself.

(Lo et al., 2007)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (3)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Hand^KO

(Lo et al., 2007)

Hand^ko

(Han et al., 2006)

hand-ko-2

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (3)

Report Sections

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