FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\mei-9
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mei-9
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
meiotic 9
Annotation Symbol
CG3697
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002707
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
meiotic 9 (mei-9) encodes the catalytic subunit of the Mei-9-Ercc1 structure-selective endonuclease that functions in nucleotide excision repair. The products of mei-9 and Ercc1 interact with the product of mus312 to generate meiotic crossovers. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

mei9, mus110

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-7
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:4314230..4318801
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (22 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VS48
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mus312; FB:FBgn0002909
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Ercc1; FB:FBgn0028434
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:hdm; FB:FBgn0029977
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015911
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006167
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015911
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006167
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in mismatch repair
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA recombination
traceable author statement
involved_in DNA repair
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006167
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015911
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the XPF family. (Q24087)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
meiotic 9 (mei-9) encodes the catalytic subunit of the Mei-9-Ercc1 structure-selective endonuclease that functions in nucleotide excision repair. The products of mei-9 and Ercc1 interact with the product of mus312 to generate meiotic crossovers. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SINGLE-STRANDED DNA ENDODEOXYRIBONUCLEASES -
Single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonucleases catalyze the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Implicated in recombination events during meiosis, mostly in meiotic exchange. May directly resolve Holliday junctions within recombination intermediates leading to DNA exchange. Also required for the repair of mismatches within meiotic heteroduplex DNA and for nucleotide excision repair.
(UniProt, Q24087)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
mei-9 (R.S. Hawley)
mei-9 alleles confer sensitivity to mutagens as a consequence of a defect in excision repair (Boyd et al., 1976; Nguyen and Boyd, 1977). This defect in DNA repair is also manifested by a high frequency of mitotic chromosome breakage and instability (Baker et al., 1978; Gatti, 1979). For example, larval neuroblasts of mei-9/Y males display a high frequency of spontaneous chromosome breaks in both the eu- and heterochromatin (Gatti, 1979). Females homozygous for mei-9 show greatly reduced levels of meiotic exchange. However, the residual exchanges are distributed as in wild-type and chiasma interference is maintained. mei-9 is thus considered to be defective in the exchange process itself, rather than in the establishment of the preconditions for exchange (Carpenter and Sandler, 1974). mei-9a and mei-9b have also been assayed with respect to their effects on gene conversion at the rosy locus (Carpenter, 1982). Although neither allele reduces the frequency of gene conversion events, both produce post-meiotic segregation events (i.e., mosaic progeny) at high frequency. Thus, the recombinational phenotype of mei-9 involves two components, namely a decrease in the frequency of heteroduplex repair and a decrease in the frequency of reciprocal exchange. At the ultrastructural level, both synaptonemal complex morphology and the number and distribution of recombination nodules are normal in mei-9 females (Carpenter, 1979); but see Boyd et al. (1976). As a consequence of the decreased frequency of reciprocal exchange, mei-9 females display greatly elevated frequencies of meiotic nondisjunction and chromosome loss (Baker and Carpenter, 1972). Meiotic chromosome behavior in males is not affected. Nor is there any effect of mei-9 on spontaneous recombination in males (Lutken and Baker, 1979). Neither hypermutable to alkylation nor deficient in excision repair (Smith and Dusenberry, 1988, Mechanisms and Consequences of DNA Damage Processing, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 251-55).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mei-9 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24087)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0070656
3606
961
FBtr0343574
3491
961
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.4 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0070624
109.5
961
6.94
FBpp0310174
109.5
961
6.94
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

961 aa isoforms: mei-9-PA, mei-9-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer (By similarity). Interacts with hdm.

(UniProt, Q24087)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mei-9 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.74

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mei-9 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mei-9
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mei-9
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 26 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
mitosis & nuclear chromosome
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mei-9. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Heterodimer (By similarity). Interacts with hdm.
    (UniProt, Q24087 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-7
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    4B6-4B6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG2930EP1352 and P{EP}EP425
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    4B4-4B6
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Right of (cM)
    Notes

    The methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) sensitivity of mei-9RT1 maps to 2-5.9. The MMS sensitivity of mei-9RT4 maps to 2-6.5.

    Maps near 1-54.

    Based on the MMS sensitivity of mei-9RT4; alternatively 1-5.9, based on the MMS sensitivity of mei-9RT1.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (32)
    Genomic Clones (20)
    cDNA Clones (14)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        The underlying meiotic function for mei-9 appears to be in crossover formation rather than mismatch repair, as in the absence of mei-9 activity, postmeiotic segregation associated with noncrossovers occurs at the expense of crossover products.

        Extracts from Drosophila embryos and adults generated from mei-9 mutants have specific defects in DNA mismatch repair.

        Gene is involved in pre-replication DNA repair of UV and AA lesions.

        Sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test is used to demonstrate inactivation of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system has a major impact on mutational response of germ cells to mutagens.

        A positional mapping strategy combined with a differential expression assay is used to clone mei-9, mei-9 is homologous to yeast repair gene RAD1, and the mei-9 transcript is absent in mei-9A3 mutants.

        The DNA-damaging activity of 6 phenazine and aminophenazine derivatives is assayed using the wing spot test in larvae, chemicals exhibit significant mutagenicity.

        DNA repair test is used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of griseofulvin in somatic larval cells.

        mei-9 encodes a homologue of the yeast excision repair protein Rad1, which is not required for meiotic recombination in S.cerevisiae.

        The mei-9/mei-41 DNA repair test has been used to assay the DNA-damaging potency of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1.

        Genotoxic potency of aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be assayed using the DNA repair assay in mei-9a mei-41D5 transheterozygotes.

        The genotoxicity of a series of N-nitrosamines has been assayed using meiotic recombination deficient mei-9a; mei-41D5 larvae.

        The effects of repair deficiency are studied by comparing the frequency of somatic mutation and mitotic recombination in repair proficient female progeny with that in excision repair defective male progeny. Nine chemical mutagens with various modes of action are tested in this way.

        An unusually high level of P-M hybrid dysgenesis is characteristic of hybrid offspring originating from Harwich P strain crosses. The phenotype is greatly exacerbated when males are deficient either in excision repair (mei-9 mutation) or in post-replication repair (mei-41 mutation). These findings demonstrate that both DNA repair pathways are essential for the repair of lesions induced by P-element transposition.

        mei-9 does not play the primary role in determining the frequency of P element excision or the variable nature of RpII2159 revertants.

        mei-9 alleles confer sensitivity to mutagens as a consequence of a defect in excision repair (Boyd et al., 1976; Nguyen and Boyd, 1977). This defect in DNA repair is also manifested by a high frequency of mitotic chromosome breakage and instability (Baker et al., 1978; Gatti, 1979). For example, larval neuroblasts of mei-9/Y males display a high frequency of spontaneous chromosome breaks in both the eu- and heterochromatin (Gatti, 1979). Females homozygous for mei-9 show greatly reduced levels of meiotic exchange. However, the residual exchanges are distributed as in wild-type and chiasma interference is maintained. mei-9 is thus considered to be defective in the exchange process itself, rather than in the establishment of the preconditions for exchange (Carpenter and Sandler, 1974). mei-9a and mei-9b have also been assayed with respect to their effects on gene conversion at the rosy locus (Carpenter, 1982). Although neither allele reduces the frequency of gene conversion events, both produce post-meiotic segregation events (i.e., mosaic progeny) at high frequency. Thus, the recombinational phenotype of mei-9 involves two components, namely a decrease in the frequency of heteroduplex repair and a decrease in the frequency of reciprocal exchange. At the ultrastructural level, both synaptonemal complex morphology and the number and distribution of recombination nodules are normal in mei-9 females (Carpenter, 1979); but see Boyd et al. (1976). As a consequence of the decreased frequency of reciprocal exchange, mei-9 females display greatly elevated frequencies of meiotic nondisjunction and chromosome loss (Baker and Carpenter, 1972). Meiotic chromosome behavior in males is not affected. Nor is there any effect of mei-9 on spontaneous recombination in males (Lutken and Baker, 1979). Neither hypermutable to alkylation nor deficient in excision repair (Smith and Dusenberry, 1988).

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: mei-9 CG3697

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        mus(1)110
        Name Synonyms
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 46 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (215)