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FB2024_02
,
released April 23, 2024
Dat, sp, AANAT1, aaNAT, Dopamine acetyltransferase
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\speck for information on other features
To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Mutation in sequenced strain: insertion of transposon (412 element).
Gene model reviewed during 5.54
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
Gene model reviewed during 6.43
1.65 (northern blot)
275 (aa); 31 (kD predicted)
speck expressed in COS-7 cells acetylates dopamine, tryptamine, and serotonin.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\speck using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
speck protein expression was observed in distinct populations of cells throughout the brain. It is observed in both neurons (often nuclear) and glia (primarily cytoplasmic). Coexpression studies with markers shows glial cell expression in astrocytes but not ensheathing glia. Marker studies show that speck protein is expressed in serotonergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurons but not in Dopaminergic or Octopaminergic neurons. Expression is largely absent from the neuropils of the mushroom body and fan-shaped body. Expression in the neuropil of the ellipsoid body is almost exclusively in neurons. Elsewhere, as in antennal lobe and subesophageal ganglion, expression within neuropil regions came primarily from the infiltrative processes of astrocytes.
speck enzyme activity assayed at 3hr intervals does not show appreciable circadian cycling.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\speck in JBrowse0.17 cM or less from sp.
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Dat is not essential for the process of sclerotisation.
Structural gene for arylamine N-acetyltransferase; also shows dopamine acetyltransferase activity.
Source for merge of: sp AANAT1
Source for merge of: Aanat1 Dat
The speck complementation group may map to the AANAT1 gene (CG3318).
FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0044478 showed that lesions in the gene corresponding to the CG10484 annotation reduce the activity of the A2 component of phenol oxidase originally described in FBrf0017315, while the A1 and A3 phenol oxidase components originally described in FBrf0017315 are unaffected in these mutant alleles. Thus FBrf0044478 states that the mutants probably identify a structural locus for the A2 phenol oxidase component and designated this locus "Diphenol oxidase-A2, Dox-A2". However, cloning of the gene in FBrf0054017 revealed that the encoded protein had no homology to non-insect phenol oxidases at that time, but instead shows high amino acid identity (57% over the entire length of the D. melanogaster protein) to the mouse Psmd3 gene (accession number MGI:48687), which encodes a proteasome subunit. FBrf0128494 showed that the protein encoded by the CG10484 annotation is a subunit of the regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome in D. melanogaster. FBrf0058767 suggests that the A2 component of phenol oxidase seen in FBrf0017315 could have been an artificial derivative produced from either the A1 or A3 components by the activity of endogenous proteases during extraction, since protease inhibitors were not used in sample preparation (the A2 phenol oxidase component was not detected in FBrf0058767 where serine proteases inhibitors were present during sample preparation). Alternatively, FBrf0027144 shows that the speck (sp) mutants have a marked decreased in the amount of the A2 component of phenol oxidase, and thus FBrf0044480 notes that the A2 component may be a dimer of two non-identical subunits coded for by "Dox-A2" and sp. Given the uncertainty over whether the gene corresponding to the CG10484 annotation does encode a structural locus for the A2 component of phenol oxidase, but the good evidence that it is a proteasome subunit, the gene has been renamed to "Rpn3, Regulatory particle non-ATPase 3" following the nomenclature used in FBrf0152082, which uses the nomenclature used for S. cerevisiae proteasome regulatory particle subunits described in PubMed:9697412. In addition, the annotation corresponding to the gene has been renamed from CG10484 to CG42641 in release 5.22 of the genome annotation.
Source for identity of: Dat CG3318
Source for identity of: AANAT1 Dat
Dat (FBgn0019643) has been renamed to "AANAT1" (Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1) in order to: (i) more accurately reflect its function - dopamine is not the only (or best) substrate (see FBrf0227041); (ii) be consistent with the naming of other genes encoding arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferases (AANATs); and (iii) reduce confusion with the different gene named "DAT" (Dopamine transporter, FBgn0034136), from which the symbol differed only by case.
