FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\sog

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sog

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

short gastrulation

Annotation Symbol

CG9224

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003463

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

17 publicly available

Gene Summary

short gastrulation (sog) encodes a secreted BMP antagonist that is expressed in the embryonic ventral neuroectoderm. sog product promotes neural development by preventing dorsally produced dpp from diffusing into the neuroectoderm and suppressing expression of neural genes. sog protein also diffuses dorsally where it helps establish a BMP activity gradient essential for partitioning that domain into cells giving rise to the dorsal epidermis versus amnioserosa. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(1)G0160, l(1)G0395, l(1)G0479

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

13E1-13E3

Sequence location

X:15,603,283..15,633,434 [-]

Recombination map

1-51

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:15603283..15633434

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables BMP binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dpp; FB:FBgn0000490,FLYBASE:gbb; FB:FBgn0024234

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

inferred from direct assay

(Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003, Srinivasan et al., 2002, Marques et al., 1997)

enables collagen binding

inferred from direct assay

(Sawala et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables BMP binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002478091

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (11 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in amnioserosa formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ross et al., 2001)

involved_in establishment of protein localization to extracellular region

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ralston and Blair, 2005, Serpe et al., 2005)

involved_in maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Carneiro et al., 2006)

involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from direct assay

(Shimmi et al., 2005, Shimmi et al., 2005, Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003, Ross et al., 2001)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tsg; FB:FBgn0003865

(Peluso et al., 2011, Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Srinivasan et al., 2002, Ross et al., 2001, Conley et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:cv; FB:FBgn0000394

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dpp; FB:FBgn0000490

(Francois et al., 1994, Ferguson and Anderson, 1992)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:scw; FB:FBgn0005590

(Nguyen et al., 1998)

involved_in positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

involved_in posterior Malpighian tubule development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hatton-Ellis et al., 2007)

involved_in regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

involved_in ring gland development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

involved_in sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding

inferred from direct assay

(Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in dorsal/ventral pattern formation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002478091

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002478091

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Srinivasan et al., 2002, Marques et al., 1997)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in extracellular space

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002478091

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway

Positive Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the chordin family. (Q24025)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
Positive Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling up-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the increased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Putative negative growth factor (PubMed:7958919). Antagonist of dpp, a protein involved in patterning the dorsal region and in the development of the neuroectoderm; dpp inhibition is enhanced by tsg (PubMed:7958919). Required for establishment of a narrow stripe of peak levels of BMP signaling in the dorsal midline of early embryos, that will give rise to the amnioserosa (PubMed:11260716). During pupal development, plays a role in specification of the posterior crossvein in the wing (PubMed:15872004). Exhibits both agonist and antagonist activities towards BMP signaling during pupal wing patterning (PubMed:15872004).

(UniProt, Q24025)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

sog: short gastrulation

Embryonic lethal with weak ventralized phenotype. Invagination and subsequent closing of the posterior midgut and anterior midgut delayed; germ-band extension incomplete; dorsal-most cells fail to assume normal amnioserosal fate; they are abnormally thick and fall into deep dorsal folds at the time of germ-band extension. Mosaic studies indicate that sog expression required only ventrally for normal development. No discernable maternal effect.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

chordin homolog - a Dpp antagonist involved in the determination of dorsal/ventral polarity - leads to the subdivision of the dorsal region of the fly into amnioserosa and dorsal ectoderm

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sog for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q24025)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

RNA-Seq data support additional isoforms with extended 3' UTRs of differing length, some of which appear to be stage and/or tissue specific.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

sog-RA

FBtr0074063

NM_057388

4523

1038

sog-RB

FBtr0331760

NM_001272647

4841

1038

sog-RE

FBtr0340346

NM_001272649

5816

1038

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

7 (northern blot)

(Francois et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

sog-PA

FBpp0073879

115.5

1038

8.20

FBpp0304148

115.5

1038

8.20

FBpp0309304

115.5

1038

8.20

Q24025

NP_001259578

AGB95420

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1038 aa isoforms: sog-PA, sog-PB, sog-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

120 (kD observed)

(Yu et al., 2000)

1038 (aa)

(Francois et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of a complex composed of dpp, sog and tsg (PubMed:11260716). Interacts with palmitoyltransferase Hip14 (PubMed:20599894).

(UniProt, Q24025)

Post Translational Modification

Palmitoylated, probably by Hip14.

Cleaved by metalloproteases tok and tld (PubMed:15872004). Cleavage by tok during pupal development contributes to specification of the posterior crossvein in the wing (PubMed:15872004).

(UniProt, Q24025)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sog using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sog_1
sog_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.23

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

epithelial cell

• cytoplasm | apical

Comment: clustered apical distribution

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

epithelium

• cytoplasm | apical

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 4 -- 5

organism | ventro-lateral

Comment: localized in two broad stripes

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

organism | ventral

(Chang et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

mesectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic cycle 13 -- embryonic cycle 14

organism | lateral

(Francois et al., 1994)

embryonic stage 5

ventral neurectoderm

(Stathopoulos et al., 2002)

organism | medial | restricted

(Helman et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5 -- 6

mesectoderm

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 6

amnioserosa anlage

(Ashe and Levine, 1999)

embryonic head | precursor

(Ashe and Levine, 1999)

embryonic stage 6 -- 8

ventral ectoderm

(Chang et al., 2001)

central brain anlage

(Chang et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesectoderm anlage

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 8

ventral midline of embryo

(Francois et al., 1994)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 12

midline primordium

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 10

organism | lateral | striped

(Francois et al., 1994)

protocerebrum primordium

(Chang et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

lateral cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

midline primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral midline glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 12

endoderm | restricted

(Francois et al., 1994)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic epipharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hypopharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval stage

wing disc | restricted

(Yu et al., 1996)

leg disc | restricted

(Yu et al., 1996)

third instar larval stage

presumptive ocellus

(Birkholz et al., 2009)

pupal stage P5(ii) -- pupal stage P6

wing cell | subset

Comment: reference states 18-20 hr APF

(Yu et al., 1996)

pupal stage P6

wing cell

Comment: reference states 25-30 hr APF

(Yu et al., 1996)

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S9

centripetal follicle cell

(Araujo and Bier, 2000)

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S10A

border follicle cell

(Araujo and Bier, 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression pattern inferred from unspecified enhancer trap line.

(Kearney et al., 2004)

sog is expressed in lateral stripes in the presumptive neurogenic ectoderm.

(Stathopoulos et al., 2002)

In wing and leg imaginal discs, sog transcript is expressed in stripes running parallel to the dpp stripe along the compartment border. sog and dpp transcripts are expressed in complementary patterns during pupal wing vein development. sog transcript is first detected in 18-20 hr pupae, in the center of the intervein domains. By 25-30 hr, sog is expressed in most of the intervein cells. Double labeling experiments with sog and dpp transcripts show that sog and dpp are expressed in a strictly complementary pattern in most of the pupal wing, with the exception of the L5 vein, where there is a one-cell-wide gap between sog and dpp expressing cells.

(Yu et al., 1996)

During cycle 14, sog is expressed in a broad lateral stripe 14-16 cells wide. The dorsal boundary of the sog expression domain abuts the ventral boundary of the dpp domain as early as cycle 13. Later, sog expression fades from its dorsal limits and there is a gap between the sog and dpp expression domains. The ventral border of the sog expression domain is marked by the mesectoderm and includes the single row of mesectodermal cells. sog expression is progressively lost dorsally during late blastoderm and early gastrulation. By germ band extension, the transcripts are confined to the ventral midline. Transcripts are localized apically within the cells. At full germ band extension, sog is expressed in a pattern of lateral patches dorsal to the tracheal pits that fuse to form a lateral stripe running between the two stripes of dpp expression. After germ band retraction, sog is expressed in ventral epidermal cells in a pattern resembling the outline of future denticle belts. Internally, sog is expressed in a series of bands in the endoderm of the gut and in the esophagus. While generally out of phase, endodermal cells expressing sog and visceral mesoderm cells expressing dpp are in contact at the junction of the gut with the esophagus.

(Francois et al., 1994)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 5

organism | ventro-lateral

• cell surface | apical

Comment: localized in two broad stripes

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

organism | dorsal ventral gradient

• cell surface | apical

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

ventral neurectoderm | lateral

• cell surface | apical

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

mesoderm | ventral

• cell surface | apical

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

ectoderm | dorsal

• cell surface | apical

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

Additional Descriptive Data

In cellular blastoderm embryos, high levels of sog protein strongly colocalizes with sog transcript in two broad ventro-lateral stripes. Lower levels localize to the ventral mesoderm and dorsal ectoderm. Localization in the dorsal ectoderm is graded, with highest levels in the region adjacent to the ventral neurogenic region. The dorsal ventral gradient is more pronounced in late blastoderm embryos.

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Srinivasan et al., 2002, Marques et al., 1997)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{sog.263.eve-lacZ}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 5

neurogenic region

(Markstein et al., 2004)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sog in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\sog

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\sog

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003463

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32498/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003463

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003463

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003463

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9224

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003463

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\sog

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 59 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 61 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sog

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sog

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 7 )

Gene not duplicated in

Dp(1;2)v⁺65b

(Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)

Dp(1;3)f⁺71b

(Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)

Dp(1;3)v⁺74c

(Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)

Dp(1;4)r⁺l

(Eberl and Hilliker, 1988, Wieschaus et al., 1984)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;3)DC302

(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Dp(1;Y)Bar^Ssog⁺y⁺

(Wickline and Lindsley, 1997)

Dp(1;Y)sog⁺

(Yu et al., 1996)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal (with sog^P1)

sog^P129D

lethal (with sog^P129D)

lethal (with sog^YL26)

sog^P129D

lethal | heat sensitive

sog^hs.PY

lethal | larval stage

sog^G0160

lethal | male

sog^attP

lethal | maternal effect | somatic clone

sog^U2

lethal | prepupal stage

sog^G0160

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

sog^G0395

partially lethal - majority live

viable

sog^P129D

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

sog^GD3379

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sog^GD3379

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sog^GD3379

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

sog^GD3379

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy

sog^supersog1.hs

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

decreased cell number | embryonic stage

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

sog^HMS05836

decreased efficacy of learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

sog^HMS05836

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

visible

visible, with Scer\GAL4^69B

sog^UAS.cYa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^72B

sog^UAS.cYa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^A9

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

visible | adult stage

sog^{C27S.C28S.mNG}

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

sog^UAS.Tag:HA

visible | dominant

sog^EP7

visible | heat sensitive

sog^hs.PY

visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

sog^CR1-2.UAS

wild-type

sog^+tS4

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^A9

sog^UAS.cYa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaD | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

amnioserosa

amnioserosa, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

sog^UAS.cYa

amnioserosa, with sog^i.Tag:HA

sog^unspecified

amnioserosa, with sog^unspecified

sog^i.Tag:HA

amnioserosa | decreased number

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^69B

sog^UAS.cYa

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

sog^UAS.cYa

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^UAS.cYa

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

sog^UAS.cYa

corpus cardiacum primordium

sog^S6

crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^UAS.cYa

crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

sog^UAS.cYa

crossvein | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^UAS.cYa

cuticle

sog¹

dendritic tree | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4²²¹

denticle

sog^Y506

dorsal appendage

sog^U2

dorsal appendage | ectopic

sog^U2

dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone

sog^U2

egg chorion

sog^hs.PY

egg operculum | maternal effect | somatic clone

sog^U2

embryo

sog³

embryo | dorsal closure stage

sog^supersog1.hs

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch

embryonic/larval fat body | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sog^GD3379

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk

embryonic/larval visceral tracheal branch

embryonic abdominal dorsal sensory organ precursor cluster

sog^supersog1.hs

embryonic abdominal lateral sensory organ precursor cluster

sog^supersog1.hs

embryonic epidermis

sog^hs.PY

embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4^CY2

sog^UAS.cYa

embryonic epidermis | maternal effect | somatic clone

sog^U2

embryonic head

sog^Y506

embryonic Malpighian tubule

sog^S6

embryonic primordium of adult salivary gland

sog^Y506

eye, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

filzkorper

sog^Y506

mandibular segment

sog¹

mitotic domain 1 | extended germ band stage

sog^Y506

posterior crossvein

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^69B

sog^UAS.cYa

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^A9

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

sog^UAS.Tag:HA

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^UAS.cYa

posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

sog^UAS.cYa

posterior crossvein (with sog^P1)

sog^P129D

posterior crossvein (with sog^P129D)

posterior crossvein (with sog^YL26)

sog^P129D

posterior crossvein | anterior, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sog^UAS.cYa

posterior crossvein | ectopic

sog^{C27S.C28S.mNG}

posterior crossvein | heat sensitive

sog^hs.PY

posterior crossvein | somatic clone

sog⁶

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

sog^supersog1.hs

scutellar bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

sog^UAS.cYa

ventral denticle belt

ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4^CY2

sog^UAS.cYa

ventral denticle belt | maternal effect | somatic clone

sog^U2

ventral neurectoderm

sog^Y506

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

sog^CR1-2.UAS

wing cell, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^72B

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^A9

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein | ectopic

sog^EP7

wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

sog^CR1-2.UAS

wing vein L2

sog^EP7

wing vein L2, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein L2, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L2 | distal, with Scer\GAL4^69B

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein L3

sog^EP7

wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L3 | distal, with Scer\GAL4^69B

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein L4

wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L4 | distal, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein L4 | heat sensitive

sog^hs.PY

wing vein L5

wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

sog^{supersog1.UAS}

wing vein L5 | distal, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sog^UAS.cYa

wing vein L5 | heat sensitive

sog^hs.PY

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (11)

Hsap\CHRD

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRDL1

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRDL2

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CRIM1

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\VWCE

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)

Rnor\Chrd

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrdl1

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrdl2

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Crim1

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (11)

Mmus\Chrd

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrdl1

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrdl2

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Crim1

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)

Xtro\chrd.1

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\kcp

2 of 13

Xtro\crim1

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\fras1

1 of 13

Xtro\rita1

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\tfg

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\vwc2

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\vwce

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\chrd

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrdl2

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\crim1

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\kcp

2 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\crm-1

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000472

11 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006168

1 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010335

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sog. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

cv-2

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

sog^UAS.Tag:HA

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Ras85D^V12.QUAS.cLa, scrib^{QUAS.HMS01490}

(Bakopoulos et al., 2023)

modeled by Ras85D^V12.UAS, dlg1^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Bakopoulos et al., 2023)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CHRD; chordin

12 of 14

603475

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool

View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sog - Sxl

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Sandler et al., 2018)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sog - Hip14

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Kang and Bier, 2010)

sog - dpp

coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Negreiros et al., 2018, Peluso et al., 2011, Shimmi et al., 2005, Ross et al., 2001)

sog - if

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog - mew

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog - scw

coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Negreiros et al., 2018, Shimmi et al., 2005)

sog - tld

protease assay, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzymatic study

(Winstanley et al., 2015, Peluso et al., 2011, Shimmi et al., 2005, Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003, Yu et al., 2000, Marques et al., 1997)

sog - tsg

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2000)

sog - vkg

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Sawala et al., 2012)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

sog

suppressible

Col4a1

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

suppressible

cv-2

(Serpe et al., 2008, Ralston and Blair, 2005)

sog

enhanceable

dpp

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

suppressible

dpp

(Stinchfield et al., 2012)

sog

suppressible

faf

(Stinchfield et al., 2012)

sog

enhanceable

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

gbb

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

suppressible

Gyc76C

(Schleede and Blair, 2015)

sog

suppressible

kek5

(Evans et al., 2009)

sog

enhanceable

kek5

(Evans et al., 2009)

sog

enhanceable

LanA

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

Mad

(Decotto and Ferguson, 2001)

sog

suppressible

Med

(Stinchfield et al., 2012)

sog

enhanceable

Med

(Decotto and Ferguson, 2001)

sog

suppressible

mew

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

mys

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

suppressible

mys

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

rho

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

scb

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

Smurf

(Podos et al., 2001)

sog

suppressible

tkv

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog

enhanceable

tkv

(Araujo et al., 2003)

sog|tsg

suppressible

tld

(Serpe et al., 2005)

tsg|sog

suppressible

tld

(Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003)

sog

enhanceable

tok

(Peluso et al., 2011, Araujo et al., 2003)

sog|tsg

suppressible

tok

(Peluso et al., 2011, Serpe et al., 2005)

sog|dpp

suppressible

tsg

(Ross et al., 2001)

sog

enhanceable

tsg

(Peluso et al., 2011)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

sog

(Araujo and Bier, 2000)

dpp

suppressible

sog|tsg

(Ross et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Yu et al., 2000)

suppressible

(Ross et al., 2001)

gbb

suppressible

sog

(Kang and Bier, 2010, Yu et al., 2000)

gbb

suppressible

sog|tsg

(Vilmos et al., 2005)

Gyc76C

suppressible

cv-2|cv|sog

(Schleede and Blair, 2015)

nej

enhanceable

sog

(Anderson et al., 2005)

Ras85D|dlg1

suppressible

sog

(Bakopoulos et al., 2023)

Ras85D|scrib

suppressible

sog

(Bakopoulos et al., 2023)

enhanceable

(Yu et al., 1996)

suppressible

(Yu et al., 1996)

enhanceable

(Araujo et al., 2003)

scw

suppressible

sog

(Nguyen et al., 1998)

tld

suppressible

sog

(Ferguson and Anderson, 1992)

tok

suppressible

sog

(Serpe et al., 2005)

tsg

suppressible

sog

(Yu et al., 2000)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of a complex composed of dpp, sog and tsg (PubMed:11260716). Interacts with palmitoyltransferase Hip14 (PubMed:20599894).

(UniProt, Q24025 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58848

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003463

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32498

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32498

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
Positive Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling up-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the increased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

TGF-beta signaling pathway

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-51

Cytogenetic map

13E1-13E3

Sequence location

X:15,603,283..15,633,434 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

13E1-13E3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG6340^EP1109&P{EP}l(1)G0168^EP491 and P{EP}EP1489;

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

13E1-13E4

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 13D--E1 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 13E1--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Peter et al., 2002)

13D1-13E4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Schäfer et al., 1999.12.10)

13E1-13E4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15, Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-51

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-51.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-53

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (17)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

78561

sog^YL26; P{sog.wt.HA}2

5394

w^* sog^U2/FM6, P{lacW}F12

2497

y¹ sog^S6/FM7c, sn⁺

10132

w^67c23 P{lacW}sog^G0479/FM7c

44958

y¹ w^* Mi{MIC}sog^MI08395

42189

y¹ w^* Mi{MIC}sog^MI06844/FM7h

Kyoto

108203

sog^U2/FM6-12

125483

w¹¹¹⁸ P{RS5}sog^5-HA-1932

107366

y¹ sog^S6/FM7c, sn⁺

104415

y^* w^* P{GawB}sog^NP3211 / FM7c

VDRC

v105853

P{KK101420}VIE-260B

v37405

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD3379}v37405

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (23)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (101)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LP20363

Other clones

FI03621

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003463

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003463

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Shimmi and O'Connor, 2003, Srinivasan et al., 2002)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

CalpA is epistatic to sog.

(Fontenele et al., 2009)

sog preferentially binds to a dpp/gbb heterodimer, rather than to each protein on its own.

(Shimmi et al., 2005)

Mutant embryos lack the corpus cardiacum.

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

The dpp gene product is widely diffusible in the presence of sog protein but tightly localised in its absence.

(Eldar et al., 2002)

sog protein has a graded distribution across the dorsal side of blastoderm embryos.

(Srinivasan et al., 2002)

sog functions cell non-autonomously to elevate BMP signaling on the dorsal side of the embryo. The positive function of sog protein may be directed towards dpp rather than scw.

(Decotto and Ferguson, 2001)

sog and dpp reduce translocation of dl protein into the nucleus.

(Araujo and Bier, 2000)

sog and dpp exert opposing maternal functions to modify Tl signaling and pattern the dorsoventral axis of the embryo.

(Araujo and Bier, 2000)

tld protein cleaves sog protein. Cleavage is stimulated by dpp protein.

(Marques et al., 1997)

sog plays a local role in the lateral region of the blastoderm embryos to oppose dpp activity in the neuroectoderm. sog protects the neuroectoderm from an invasive positive feedback loop created by dpp diffusion and autoactivation. sog functions as a diffusible morphogen in the blastoderm embryo.

(Biehs et al., 1996)

sog and Xlae\noggin do not show a synergistic interaction in their capability to induce ventral fates in preblastoderm embryos.

(Holley et al., 1996)

sog is expressed in complementary intervein cells and suppresses vein formation. sog and dpp are expressed in complementary patterns during pupal wing vein development and function during the same phenocritical period to influence the vein versus intervein cell fate choice. dpp promotes vein fates indirectly by activating rho and sog functions by blocking an autoactivating dpp feedback loop. These data support the view that sog is a dedicated dpp antagonist.

(Yu et al., 1996)

Injection of sog mRNA into embryos from dl mutant mothers is sufficient to promote the formation of dorsal-lateral structures, indicating that sog can be sufficient to promote ventralisation of the ectodermal pattern.

(Barr et al., 1995)

sog and Xlae\chordin protein function in dorsal-ventral axis formation.

(Francois and Bier, 1995)

sog is required ventrally to enforce the identity of the neuroectoderm against the dorsalizing activity of dpp.

(Francois et al., 1995)

Data presented by FBrf0083197 supports Geoffroy St-Hilaire's theory of dorsal-ventral inversion between vertebrate and arthropod embryos. Results suggest that two classes of signalling molecule (dpp and sog) represent counteracting systems that control dorsal-ventral patterning and might have been established in a primitive ancestor before the divergence of the arthropods and vertebrates.

(Hogan, 1995)

sog, which is expressed in the ventrolateral region of the embryo that gives rise to the nerve cord, is functionally homologous to the chordin gene of Xenopus, which is expressed in the dorsal blastopore lip of the embryo and in dorsal mesoderm, in particular the notochord. sog antagonises the dorsalising effects of dpp.

(Holley et al., 1995)

Genetic and phenotypic data reveals that sog is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of dpp activity by blocking dpp activity ventrally.

(Neul and Ferguson, 1995)

Expression of sog in Xenopus embryos suggests that the mechanism of dorsal-ventral patterning may be conserved between the evolutionarily distinct organisms.

(Schmidt et al., 1995)

tld, srw and sog are required to generate a gradient of dpp activity which directly specifies the pattern of the dorsal 40% of the embryo.

(Ferguson and Anderson, 1992)

sog is required for the normal ontogeny of the zen pattern and fating of the amnioserosa.

(Ray et al., 1991)

Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.

(Strecker et al., 1991)

Involved in the regulatory hierarchy responsible for the asymmetric distribution and function of zygotic regulatory gene products along the DV axis of early embryos. sog is required for the refinement of the zen expression pattern during cellularization and gastrulation: zen products do not become restricted to the presumptive amnioserosa.

(Rushlow and Levine, 1990)

Identification: A screen for X-linked genes that affect embryo morphology revealed sog.

(Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)

sog mutants display incomplete germ band extension, head and spiracles defective in posterior cuticle.

(Wieschaus et al., 1984)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: sog l(1)G0395 l(1)G0479 l(1)G0160

(Peter et al., 2002)

Additional comments

"l(1)G0123" may affect "sog".

(Peter et al., 2002)

One of sog¹ to sog⁶ is temperature-sensitive.

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: sog CG9224

(Wang, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG9224

(Kumar et al., 2016, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Lu et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Bourbon et al., 2002, Irving et al., 2001)

Dm sog

(Crocker et al., 2008)

SOG

(Gowda et al., 2021, Banyai and Patthy, 2004)

l(1)G0160

(Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)

l(1)G0395

(Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)

l(1)G0479

(Schäfer et al., 1999.12.10)

sog

(Hunt et al., 2024, Forbes Beadle et al., 2023, Neophytou et al., 2023, Olivares et al., 2023, Roth, 2023, Sun et al., 2023, Tang et al., 2023, Deshpande et al., 2022, Montanari et al., 2022, Saha et al., 2022, Senthil Kumar et al., 2022, Huang et al., 2021, Irizarry and Stathopoulos, 2021, Kvon et al., 2021, Cang and Nie, 2020, Gheisari et al., 2020, Irizarry et al., 2020, Mehta et al., 2020, Merkle et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Schloop et al., 2020, Slaidina et al., 2020, Soluri et al., 2020, Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020, Statzer and Ewald, 2020, Koromila and Stathopoulos, 2019, Whittle and Extavour, 2019, Sandler et al., 2018, Auman and Chipman, 2017, Shin and Hong, 2017, Tian et al., 2017, Upadhyay et al., 2017, Wells et al., 2017, Dominguez et al., 2016, Esposito et al., 2016, Kang et al., 2016, Levario et al., 2016, Matsuda et al., 2016, Moulton and Letsou, 2016, Quijano et al., 2016, Shin and Hong, 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, O'Connell and Reeves, 2015, Sawala et al., 2015, Schleede and Blair, 2015, Shin and Hong, 2015, Sun et al., 2015, Umulis and Othmer, 2015, Winstanley et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Foo et al., 2014, Hodar et al., 2014, Mannervik, 2014, Rembold et al., 2014, Wisotzkey et al., 2014, Hattori et al., 2013, Khan et al., 2013, Lagha et al., 2013, Müller et al., 2013, Saunders et al., 2013, Shimmi and Newfeld, 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2012, Chopra et al., 2012, El-Sherif et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Helman et al., 2012, Holmqvist et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kanodia et al., 2012, Reeves et al., 2012, Rushlow and Shvartsman, 2012, Sawala et al., 2012, Stinchfield et al., 2012, Umulis and Othmer, 2012, Bothma et al., 2011, Garcia and Stathopoulos, 2011, Kanodia et al., 2011, Lott et al., 2011, Lynch and Roth, 2011, Mrinal et al., 2011, Nien et al., 2011, Ozdemir et al., 2011, Park et al., 2011, Peluso et al., 2011, Pilgram et al., 2011, Tsurumi et al., 2011, Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010, Negreiros et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Umulis et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Birkholz et al., 2009, Boettiger and Levine, 2009, Cande et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Evans et al., 2009, Fontenele et al., 2009, Lander et al., 2009, Liberman and Stathopoulos, 2009, Liberman et al., 2009, Papatsenko et al., 2009, Beaver et al., 2008, Fu and Levine, 2008, Hong et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Liang et al., 2008, Miles et al., 2008, Qi et al., 2008, Carneiro and Araujo, 2007, Halfon and Arnosti, 2007, Hatton-Ellis et al., 2007, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Muse et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeng et al., 2007, Araujo et al., 2006, Biemar et al., 2006, Carneiro et al., 2006, Lin et al., 2006, Mizutani et al., 2006, Prothmann et al., 2006, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2006, Umulis et al., 2006, Zinzen et al., 2006, Leptin, 2005, Mizutani et al., 2005, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Xavier-Neto, 2005, Gurunathan et al., 2004, Markstein et al., 2004, Ronshaugen and Levine, 2004, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Chen et al., 2000)

Name Synonyms

Chordin

(Banyai and Patthy, 2004)

Short Gastrulation

(Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007)

Short gastrulation

(Negreiros et al., 2010, Umulis et al., 2010, Evans et al., 2009, Fu and Levine, 2008, Serpe et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Fu and Levine, 2007, Hatton-Ellis et al., 2007, Canty et al., 2006)

short of gastrulation

(Lu et al., 2009)

short-gastrulation

(Esposito et al., 2016, Qi et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0027206
FBgn0028353
FBgn0029046

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32498

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q24025

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q24025

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

M9PH73

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q24025

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003463

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32498/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003463

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003463

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003463

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9224

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

32498

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58848

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003463

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003463

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003463

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sog_1
sog_2

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003463

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003463

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9224

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003463

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC012650

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

TGF-beta signaling pathway

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32498

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32498

References (480)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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