FB2024_02 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\14-3-3ε
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\14-3-3ε
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
14-3-3ε
Annotation Symbol
CG31196
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020238
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
30 publicly available
Gene Summary
14-3-3ε (14-3-3ε) encodes an acidic protein that preferentially heterodimerizes with other members of the family but also can homodimerize. It functions in multiple signaling pathways, most prominently in the Ras/MAPK cascade. It is involved in embryonic hatching, germ cell migration, gonad formation, wing venation and eye development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

14-3-3, D14-3-3ε, 14-3-3e, 14-3-3 epsilon, par-5

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
90F10-90F10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-62
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:18242531..18250550
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (32 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables molecular sequestering activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ren et al., 2010)
enables phosphoserine residue binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741
(Yang and Terman, 2012)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VZF5
(Norkett et al., 2020)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q45VV3
(Oh and Irvine, 2008)
enables protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:14-3-3ζ; FB:FBgn0004907
(Messaritou et al., 2010)
enables transcription coactivator binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:yki; FB:FBgn0034970
(Ren et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphoserine residue binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001050752
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (20 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (17 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang and Terman, 2012)
involved_in cytoplasmic sequestering of protein
inferred from direct assay
(Ren et al., 2010)
involved_in determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nielsen et al., 2008)
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Su et al., 2001, Brodsky et al., 2000)
involved_in germ cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsigkari et al., 2012)
involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Benton et al., 2002)
involved_in microtubule sliding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Norkett et al., 2020)
involved_in negative regulation of neuron projection arborization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Norkett et al., 2020)
involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Benton et al., 2002)
involved_in positive regulation of growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nielsen et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pojer et al., 2021)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:yki; FB:FBgn0034970
(Ren et al., 2010)
involved_in positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
inferred from high throughput genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ras85D; FB:FBgn0003205
(Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2014)
involved_in R8 cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pojer et al., 2021)
involved_in regulation of growth
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:foxo; FB:FBgn0038197
(Nielsen et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of mitotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Su et al., 2001)
involved_in response to UV
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nielsen et al., 2008)
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Bx; FB:FBgn0265598,FLYBASE:ap; FB:FBgn0267978
(Bejarano et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein localization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001821570
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001050752
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001821570
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lee et al., 2014, Lye et al., 2014)
located_in germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Benton et al., 2002)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lee et al., 2014)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001821570
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (P92177)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
14-3-3ε (14-3-3ε) encodes an acidic protein that preferentially heterodimerizes with other members of the family but also can homodimerize. It functions in multiple signaling pathways, most prominently in the Ras/MAPK cascade. It is involved in embryonic hatching, germ cell migration, gonad formation, wing venation and eye development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
14-3-3 PROTEINS -
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved acidic 30 kDa homo/heterodimeric adapter proteins that bind and regulate protein activity. (Adapted from FBrf0201747, FBrf0194430 and PMID:24564655).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Positively regulates Ras-mediated pathways. Acts downstream or parallel to Raf, but upstream of nuclear factors in Ras signaling. Three mutants have been isolated, that suppress the rough eye phenotype caused by mutated Ras1 (sev-Ras1 v12). Inhibits yki activity by restricting its nuclear localization. Together with pav, has a role in the inhibition of microtubule sliding during neurite outgrowth (PubMed:32022690).
(UniProt, P92177)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

regulates the activity of cellular proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner by binding as a dimer to phosphoserine/threonine-containing motifs - acts as a cofactor for PAR-1 by binding to proteins that are phosphorylated by the PAR-1 kinase

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\14-3-3ε for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P92177)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative splice sites and/or alternative 3 prime UTR extents.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
14-3-3ε-RA
FBtr0083565
NM_169796
1239
262
14-3-3ε-RB
FBtr0083566
NM_169797
3092
261
14-3-3ε-RC
FBtr0083567
NM_169799
1221
256
14-3-3ε-RD
FBtr0083568
NM_169798
3360
260
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.453 (longest cDNA)

(Chang and Rubin, 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
14-3-3ε-PA
FBpp0082987
29.8
262
4.41
P92177
NP_732309
AAF55519
14-3-3ε-PB
FBpp0082988
29.7
261
4.44
NP_732310
AAN13764
14-3-3ε-PC
FBpp0082989
29.2
256
4.47
NP_732312
AAN13766
14-3-3ε-PD
FBpp0082990
29.6
260
4.44
NP_732311
AAN13765
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

30 (kD observed)

(Tien et al., 1999)

260 (aa)

(Chang and Rubin, 1997)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with phosphorylated yki (PubMed:18256197, PubMed:19900439). Interacts with pav (when serine phosphorylated); the interaction is necessary for association of the complex pav-14-3-3epsilon complex to the microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule sliding (PubMed:32022690).

(UniProt, P92177)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\14-3-3ε using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.73

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Yang and Terman, 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
(Tien et al., 1999)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Tien et al., 1999)
primordial germ cell
(Tsigkari et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4
(Tien et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
ventral midline of embryo
(Tien et al., 1999)
cephalic furrow
(Tien et al., 1999)
amnioproctodeal invagination
(Tien et al., 1999)
anterior transverse furrow
(Tien et al., 1999)
posterior transverse furrow
(Tien et al., 1999)
dorsal ectoderm
(Tien et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Tien et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Yang and Terman, 2012)
adult stage
ring canal
(Benton et al., 2002)
germarium
(Benton et al., 2002)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

14-3-3ε is detected in pole cells from embryonic stage 5 to the end of embryonic development.

(Tsigkari et al., 2012)

In syncytial embryos, 14-3-3ε protein localizes to rapidly dividing nuclei. During mitosis, it is retained in nuclei. During cellularization, nuclear expression diminishes and membrane expression appears. During gastrulation, a low level of staining is observed in ectodermal cells. High levels are transiently observed in various tissues. At stages 7 and 8, expression is observed in several invaginating furrows, the ventral midline cells, and the dorsal epidermal cells. At stages 9 and 10, prominant staining is observed in the ventral neurogenic region extending in a 4-5 cell wide region from the midline. 14-3-3ε protein is highly enriched in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is observed in the cytoplasm of neurons.

(Tien et al., 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centrosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lee et al., 2014, Lye et al., 2014)
located_in germline ring canal
inferred from direct assay
(Benton et al., 2002)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2001)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lee et al., 2014)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\14-3-3ε in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 30 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 19 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of 14-3-3ε
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of 14-3-3ε
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | germline clone | maternal effect
partially lethal
partially lethal (with Df(3R)14-3-3εex24)
partially lethal | recessive
partially lethal - majority die (with 14-3-3εex4)
partially lethal - majority die (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
viable (with 14-3-3εex4)
viable (with 14-3-3εex5)
viable (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
viable (with Df(3R)14-3-3εex24)
viable (with Df(3R)P14)
Sterility
Allele
female fertile
female fertile (with 14-3-3εex4)
female fertile (with 14-3-3εex5)
female fertile (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
female sterile
female sterile (with 14-3-3εex4)
female sterile (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
female sterile (with Df(3R)14-3-3εex24)
female sterile (with Df(3R)P14)
female sterile | recessive
fertile
male fertile
male fertile (with 14-3-3εex4)
male fertile (with 14-3-3εex5)
male fertile (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
male sterile
male sterile (with 14-3-3εex4)
male sterile (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
male sterile (with Df(3R)14-3-3εex24)
sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body size (with 14-3-3εex4)
abnormal body size (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
abnormal body size | recessive
abnormal DNA repair
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with 14-3-3εNP1301)
decreased cell growth rate | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
decreased cell size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
decreased size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
long lived | dominant
radiation sensitive | dominant
some die during embryonic stage | germline clone | maternal effect | maternal effect
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible (with 14-3-3εex4)
visible (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
visible (with 14-3-3εS-696)
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
anterior crossvein
anterior crossvein (with 14-3-3εex4)
anterior crossvein (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
embryo | germline clone | maternal effect
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect
embryonic/larval salivary gland | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
eye (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
eye (with 14-3-3εS-696)
eye photoreceptor cell
eye photoreceptor cell (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
eye photoreceptor cell (with 14-3-3εS-696)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
larval intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with 14-3-3εNP1301)
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
larval segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 (with 14-3-3εNP1301)
microtubule & oocyte
microtubule organizing center & oocyte
mitotic domain 1 | embryonic cycle 14
nurse cell | ectopic
nurse cell | ectopic (with Df(3R)P14)
nurse cell | ectopic | germline clone
ommatidium
ommatidium (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
ommatidium (with 14-3-3εS-696)
ommatidium (with Df(3R)P14)
oocyte
oocyte (with Df(3R)P14)
oocyte & centrosome
oocyte | germline clone
posterior crossvein
posterior crossvein (with 14-3-3εex4)
posterior crossvein (with 14-3-3εj2B10)
primordial germ cell
primordial germ cell, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
primordial germ cell, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Hsap\YWHAE
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
Hsap\YWHAB
7 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\YWHAZ
6 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SFN
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\YWHAG
5 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\YWHAH
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\YWHAQ
4 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Ywhae
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ywhab
7 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ywhaz
7 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC298795
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ywhag
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sfn
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ywhah
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ywhaq
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC103690862
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Mmus\Ywhae
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ywhaz
7 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ywhab
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sfn
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ywhag
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ywhah
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ywhaq
5 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\ywhae
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ywhab
5 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ywhaz
5 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ywhah
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ugt1a1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ywhag
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ywhaq
2 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)
Drer\ywhae2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ywhae1
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ywhaba
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhabb
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhabl
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhaqa
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhaqb
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhaz
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhag1
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhag2
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\ywhah
5 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\ftt-2
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\par-5
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\M117.3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001151
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007643
5 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (15)
Atha\GRF3
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GRF7
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GF14 PHI
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF1
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF2
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF5
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF6
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF8
10 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF10
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF11
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF12
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF9
6 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G22290
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GRF13
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G10450
3 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\BMH2
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\BMH1
11 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\rad24
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\rad25
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:14-3-3ε. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
14-3-3ζ
8 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    14-3-3εGD4108
    exacerbates  Huntington's disease
    modeled by Hsap\HTT128Q.1-336.UAS
    (Shirasaki et al., 2012)
    14-3-3εS-696
    ameliorates  viral infectious disease
    modeled by EBV\BZLF1GMR.PA
    (Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)
    ameliorates  infectious mononucleosis
    modeled by EBV\BZLF1GMR.PA
    (Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)
    ameliorates  Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis
    modeled by EBV\BZLF1GMR.PA
    (Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012)
    ameliorates  cancer
    modeled by AlkUAS.cLa
    (Wolfstetter et al., 2020)
    modeled by Hsap\ALKF1174L.UAS
    (Wolfstetter et al., 2020)
    modeled by Hsap\ALKAL1UAS.cGa
    (Wolfstetter et al., 2020)
    modeled by Hsap\ALK::Hsap\NPM1UAS.cWa
    (Wolfstetter et al., 2020)
    14-3-3εUAS.cCa
    exacerbates  Huntington's disease
    modeled by Hsap\HTT128Q.1-336.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007)
    exacerbates  autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
    modeled by Hsap\ATXN182Q.UAS
    (Chen et al., 2003)
    exacerbates  olivopontocerebellar atrophy
    modeled by Hsap\ATXN182Q.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008)
    14-3-3εex4
    exacerbates  Huntington's disease
    modeled by Hsap\HTT128Q.1-336.UAS
    (Shirasaki et al., 2012)
    ameliorates  Huntington's disease
    modeled by Hsap\HTT128Q.1-336.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008)
    ameliorates  olivopontocerebellar atrophy
    modeled by Hsap\ATXN182Q.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008)
    14-3-3εj2B10
    ameliorates  Huntington's disease
    modeled by Hsap\HTT128Q.1-336.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007)
    ameliorates  olivopontocerebellar atrophy
    modeled by Hsap\ATXN182Q.UAS
    (Branco et al., 2008)
    14-3-3εRNAi.UAS.cTa
    exacerbates  tauopathy
    modeled by Hsap\MAPTR406W.UAS.2N4R.Tag:FLAG
    (Papanikolopoulou et al., 2018)
    modeled by Hsap\MAPTUAS.cWa
    (Papanikolopoulou et al., 2018)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    YWHAE; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon
    13 of 14
    605066
         
        YWHAB; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein beta
        7 of 14
        601289
             
            YWHAZ; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta
            6 of 14
            601288
                 
                SFN; stratifin
                5 of 14
                601290
                    YWHAG; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma
                    5 of 14
                    605356
                     
                    YWHAH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta
                    5 of 14
                    113508
                        YWHAQ; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta
                        4 of 14
                        609009
                            Functional Complementation Data
                            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                            Interactions
                            Summary of Physical Interactions
                            esyN Network Diagram
                            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
                            Show/hide secondary interactors 
                            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
                            Select Layout:
                            Legend:
                            Protein
                            RNA
                            Selected Interactor(s)
                            Interactions Browser
                            View in Interactions Browser
                            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                            MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool
                            View in MIST tool (external link)
                            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                            protein-protein
                            Physical Interaction
                            Assay
                            References
                            14-3-3ε - 14-3-3ζ
                            cross-linking study, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, anti tag western blot
                            (Lu and Prehoda, 2013, Messaritou et al., 2010)
                            14-3-3ε - AnxB10
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - B4
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            14-3-3ε - CG10638
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - CG4570
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - CG8617
                            two hybrid
                            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
                            14-3-3ε - Calr
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Cenp-C
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Lipinszki et al., 2015, Przewloka et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Chd64
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Df31
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Dsor1
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Friedman et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - EcR
                            fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy
                            (Ng et al., 2017)
                            14-3-3ε - EndoGI
                            cosedimentation, molecular weight
                            (Temme et al., 2009)
                            14-3-3ε - Eno
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Gagr
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Hsap\MAPT
                            coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, affinity technology
                            (Prifti et al., 2022, Papanikolopoulou et al., 2018)
                            14-3-3ε - Hsp83
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Gao et al., 2022)
                            14-3-3ε - Khc-73
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Lu and Prehoda, 2013)
                            14-3-3ε - Nlp
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Nrd1
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Yoon et al., 2017)
                            14-3-3ε - Pdi
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - PlexA
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            14-3-3ε - REPTOR
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Tiebe et al., 2015)
                            14-3-3ε - Raf
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Friedman et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Rheb
                            pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
                            (Le et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            14-3-3ε - Rip11
                            pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, far western blotting
                            (Laflamme et al., 2017)
                            14-3-3ε - S6kII
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                            14-3-3ε - Sh3β
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Sin1
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Glatter et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Sumo
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, western blot
                            (Handu et al., 2015)
                            14-3-3ε - Tango2
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Tctp
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, western blot
                            (Le et al., 2016)
                            14-3-3ε - Tsc1
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - Ubx
                            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid
                            (Wei et al., 2021, Hsiao et al., 2014)
                            14-3-3ε - awd
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - baz
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Krahn et al., 2009)
                            14-3-3ε - borr
                            pull down, western blot
                            (Repton et al., 2022)
                            14-3-3ε - cher
                            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                            (Külshammer et al., 2022)
                            14-3-3ε - chico
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011, Pflieger et al., 2008)
                            14-3-3ε - cnk
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Friedman et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - dlg1
                            anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
                            (Nakajima et al., 2019)
                            14-3-3ε - drk
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Friedman et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - foxo
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011, Nielsen et al., 2008)
                            14-3-3ε - gig
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - gwl
                            pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
                            (Wang et al., 2013)
                            14-3-3ε - ncd
                            pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
                            (Beaven et al., 2017)
                            14-3-3ε - nesd
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Montembault et al., 2010)
                            14-3-3ε - nudE
                            pull down, anti tag western blot
                            (Lu and Prehoda, 2013)
                            14-3-3ε - nuf
                            pull down, western blot
                            (Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016)
                            14-3-3ε - regucalcin
                            experimental knowledge based
                            (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - rictor
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Glatter et al., 2011)
                            14-3-3ε - smg
                            colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author
                            (Kubíková et al., 2023)
                            14-3-3ε - yki
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, protein complementation assay, peptide massfingerprinting
                            (Srivastava et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2016, Hu et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Ren et al., 2010, Oh and Irvine, 2008)
                            RNA-protein
                            Physical Interaction
                            Assay
                            References
                            14-3-3ε - Atx2
                            proximity labelling technology, nucleotide sequence identification
                            (Singh et al., 2021)
                            Summary of Genetic Interactions
                            esyN Network Diagram
                            Show/hide secondary interactors 
                            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
                            esyN Network Key:
                            Suppression
                            Enhancement
                            View in Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            14-3-3ε
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ζ
                            (Benton et al., 2002)
                            14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ζ
                            (Acevedo et al., 2007)
                            yki|14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ζ
                            (Ren et al., 2010)
                            14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            foxo
                            (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                            14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            if
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            mew
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            14-3-3ε
                            enhanceable
                            par-1
                            (Benton et al., 2002)
                            14-3-3ε
                            suppressible
                            Ras64B
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            ap|Bx
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Bejarano et al., 2008)
                            foxo
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                            foxo
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                            ksr::tor
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Therrien et al., 2000)
                            par-1
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Benton et al., 2002)
                            PlexA
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            PlexA
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Yang and Terman, 2012)
                            Raf::tor
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Chang and Rubin, 1997, Dickson et al., 1996)
                            Raf
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Therrien et al., 2000)
                            Ras85D
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Therrien et al., 2000, Chang and Rubin, 1997, Karim et al., 1996)
                            Smn
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Sen et al., 2013)
                            tor
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Li and Li, 2003)
                            yki
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ζ|14-3-3ε
                            (Ren et al., 2010)
                            yki
                            enhanceable
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Ren et al., 2010)
                            yki
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Ren et al., 2010)
                            yki|14-3-3ζ
                            suppressible
                            14-3-3ε
                            (Ren et al., 2010)
                            External Data
                            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                            Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with phosphorylated yki (PubMed:18256197, PubMed:19900439). Interacts with pav (when serine phosphorylated); the interaction is necessary for association of the complex pav-14-3-3epsilon complex to the microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule sliding (PubMed:32022690).
                            (UniProt, P92177 )
                            Linkouts
                            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            Pathways
                            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                            Positive Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
                            The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
                            Metabolic Pathways
                            External Data
                            Linkouts
                            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                            Chromosome (arm)
                            3R
                            Recombination map
                            3-62
                            Cytogenetic map
                            90F10-90F10
                            Sequence location
                            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Evidence for location
                            90F10-90F10
                            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}cpoEP3679 and P{EP}Dlc90FEP3634
                            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Notes
                            References
                            90F6-90F7
                            (Chang, 1997.1.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                            90F6-90F7
                            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                            (Spradling et al., 1999, Perrimon et al., 1996)
                            90E-90F
                            (Karim et al., 1996)
                            On basis of meiotic mapping (details unspecified).
                            (Karim et al., 1996)
                            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                            Location

                            3-62

                            (FlyBase, 2016)

                            3-61.9

                            (Comeron et al., 2012)

                            3-62.0

                            (Chang and Rubin, 1997)

                            3-

                            (Karim et al., 1996)
                            Left of (cM)
                            Right of (cM)
                            Notes

                            Maps 0.4 +/- 0.2 cM from a w+-marked P-element insertion into 90E.

                            (Dickson et al., 1996)
                            Stocks and Reagents
                            Stocks (30)
                            Genomic Clones (24)
                            cDNA Clones (334)
                             

                            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                            BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                            BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                            RNAi and Array Information
                            Linkouts
                            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                            Antibody Information
                            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                             

                            polyclonal

                            (Tiebe et al., 2015, Tien et al., 1999)
                            Commercially Available Antibodies
                             
                            Cell Line Information
                            Publicly Available Cell Lines
                             
                              Other Stable Cell Lines
                               
                                Other Comments

                                Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.

                                (Shigenobu et al., 2006)

                                14-3-3ε is required to time mitosis in undisturbed post-blastoderm cell cycles and to delay mitosis following irradiation in embryos.

                                (Su et al., 2001)

                                14-3-3ε has been cloned and characterised. Genetic studies suggest that 14-3-3ε functions in multiple receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, acting downstream or parallel to phl, but upstream of aop and phyl, two nuclear factors involved in Ras85D signalling.

                                (Chang and Rubin, 1997)

                                Identified in a genetic screen for modifiers of the phl::tor12D.sev rough eye mutant phenotype.

                                (Dickson et al., 1996)

                                Identified on the basis of genetic interaction with Ras85DV12.sev.

                                (Karim et al., 1996)

                                The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation. 14-3-3ε gene expression during oogenesis is not critical to embryonic development, but the gene function may be essential for fertilisation and/or completion of meiosis.

                                (Perrimon et al., 1996)
                                Relationship to Other Genes
                                Source for database merge of

                                Source for merge of: 14-3-3ε anon-WO0172774.141 anon-WO02059370.52

                                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                                Additional comments

                                Source for merge of 14-3-3ε anon-WO0172774.141 anon-WO02059370.52 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                                Nomenclature History
                                Source for database identify of

                                Source for identity of: 14-3-3ε CG8045

                                (Gong, 1999.11)
                                Nomenclature comments
                                Etymology
                                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)
                                Reported As
                                Symbol Synonym
                                14-3-3
                                (Li et al., 2022, Cho and Jiang, 2021, Gogia et al., 2021, Keegan and Hughes, 2021, Nakajima, 2021, van Soldt and Cardoso, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2016, Ohno et al., 2015, He et al., 2014, Chen and Burgoyne, 2012, Kellner et al., 2012, Nielsen et al., 2008, Dong et al., 2007, Margolis and Borg, 2005, Bilder, 2004, Huynh and St. Johnston, 2004, Jaramillo et al., 2004, Macara, 2004, Hacker et al., 2003, Rebay, 2002, Raabe, 2000, Baek and Lee, 1999, Rommel and Hafen, 1998)
                                14-3-3 epsilon
                                (Singh et al., 2021, Shirasaki et al., 2012)
                                14-3-3 ε
                                (Barbosa et al., 2021, Nie et al., 2009)
                                14-3-3-e
                                (Johannes and Preiss, 2002)
                                14-3-3-ε
                                (Knowles-Barley et al., 2010)
                                14-3-30ε
                                (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                                14-3-3EPSILON
                                (Kondo and Perrimon, 2011)
                                14-3-3e
                                (Hu et al., 2014, Nielsen et al., 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007, Teleman et al., 2005, Walworth, 2000, Chang, 1997.1.10, Chang, 1997.1.11)
                                14-3-3epsilon
                                (Riemondy et al., 2023, Kang et al., 2022, Saito et al., 2018, Neuert et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Aradska et al., 2015, Dent et al., 2015, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Friedman et al., 2011, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Tan et al., 2009, Fisher et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Stanyon et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Spradling et al., 1999)
                                14-3-3ε
                                (Frappaolo and Giansanti, 2023, Kubíková et al., 2023, Titlow et al., 2023, Gao et al., 2022, Nam et al., 2022, Nefedova et al., 2022, Prifti et al., 2022, Repton et al., 2022, Moutaoufik and Tanguay, 2021, Pojer et al., 2021, Wei et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Takai et al., 2020, Archambault, 2019.12.8, Nakajima et al., 2019, Jin et al., 2018, Papanikolopoulou et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Beaven et al., 2017, Ghimire and Kim, 2017, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Laflamme et al., 2017, Yoon et al., 2017, Ables et al., 2016, Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016, Duun Rohde et al., 2016, Le et al., 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Bornstein et al., 2015, Tiebe et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Hsiao et al., 2014, Lee et al., 2014, Bharadwaj et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Lu and Prehoda, 2013, Shandala et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Follmer et al., 2012, Yang and Terman, 2012, Zhai et al., 2012, Alic et al., 2011, Franco et al., 2011, Kondo and Perrimon, 2011, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Partridge et al., 2011, Przewloka et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2011, Karam et al., 2010, Messaritou et al., 2010, Montembault et al., 2010, Mourikis et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Roignant and Treisman, 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Krahn et al., 2009, Oh and Irvine, 2009, Temme et al., 2009, Bejarano et al., 2008, Nielsen et al., 2008, Oh and Irvine, 2008, Pflieger et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Kaltenbach et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Yano et al., 2006)
                                14-3-3ο
                                (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                                14.3.3
                                (Srivastava et al., 2021)
                                14.3.3 epsilon
                                (Wehr et al., 2013)
                                1433ε
                                (Nielsen et al., 2008)
                                143E_DROME
                                (Storm and Sonnhammer, 2003)
                                CG31196
                                (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Young and Marcotte, 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Chen and Burgoyne, 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Glatter et al., 2011, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Montembault et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hughes et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007)
                                CT24092
                                (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13)
                                D14-3-3e
                                (Skoulakis and Acevedo, 2003)
                                D14-3-3ε
                                (Smits and Shvartsman, 2020, Lalle et al., 2013, Tsigkari et al., 2012, Messaritou et al., 2010, Acevedo et al., 2007, Skoulakis et al., 2004, Acevedo and Skoulakis, 2002, Skoulakis and Acevedo, 2002, Acevedo and Skoulakis, 2001)
                                EK3-5
                                (Therrien et al., 2000)
                                Eps
                                (Papanikolopoulou et al., 2018)
                                PAR-5
                                (Bejarano et al., 2008, Suzuki and Ohno, 2006)
                                PAR5
                                (Baas et al., 2004)
                                Par-5
                                (Milas and Telley, 2022, Macara, 2004)
                                SR3-9
                                (Karim et al., 1996)
                                Su(Raf)3B
                                anon-WO0172774.141
                                anon-WO02059370.52
                                d14-3-3ε
                                (Branco et al., 2008, Chen and Chien, 1999, Tien et al., 1999)
                                e-14-3-3
                                (Lerner et al., 2015)
                                eps
                                (Tsigkari et al., 2012)
                                l(3)j2B10
                                par-5
                                (Huynh and St. Johnston, 2004, Pellettieri and Seydoux, 2002)
                                Name Synonyms
                                14-3-3 epsilon
                                (Feng et al., 2015)
                                14-3-3 protein epsilon
                                (Eikenes et al., 2015)
                                14-3-3&epsilon
                                (Glatter et al., 2011)
                                14-3-3epsilon
                                (Lipinszki et al., 2015, Cammarato et al., 2011)
                                14-3-3ε
                                (Robinson et al., 2010, Suzuki and Ohno, 2006)
                                Epsilon
                                (Tsigkari et al., 2012)
                                Suppressor of Ras85D 3-9
                                (Karim et al., 1996)
                                Tyrosine-3-monooxygenase
                                (Ling and Salvaterra, 2011)
                                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                • FBgn0011329
                                • FBgn0016739
                                • FBgn0016743
                                • FBgn0046456
                                • FBgn0051196
                                • FBgn0064146
                                • FBgn0066007
                                Datasets (0)
                                Study focus (0)
                                Experimental Role
                                Project
                                Project Type
                                Title
                                Study result (0)
                                Result
                                Result Type
                                Title
                                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )
                                Sequence Crossreferences
                                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                Other crossreferences
                                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                Linkouts
                                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                                References (258)