FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Cul2
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Cul2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Cullin 2
Annotation Symbol
CG1512
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0032956
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Cullin 2 (Cul2) encodes a protein that plays important roles during oogenesis. Reduction of the product of Cul2 in somatic cells produces tumorous germaria with excess germline stem cell-like cells due to the elevation of Dpp signaling in the niche. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Cul-2, l(2)02074

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-54
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:21658735..21663698
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dpp; FB:FBgn0000490
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716
involved_in viral process
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Cullin 2 (Cul2) encodes a protein that plays important roles during oogenesis. Reduction of the product of Cul2 in somatic cells produces tumorous germaria with excess germline stem cell-like cells due to the elevation of Dpp signaling in the niche. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CULLINS -
Cullins are an evolutionarily conserved, structurally-related gene family, with an N-terminal bearing cullin repeats followed by a cullin homology domain and a neddylation site. Cullins act as scaffolds to assemble multi-subunit Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes. A CRL complex is characterised by a cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase interaction, which acts as the catalytic core and recruits the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and a cullin-adaptor protein-substrate recognition protein interaction which links the E3 ligase to its target for ubiquitination. (Adapted from FBrf0224296).
VCB COMPLEX -
VCB complex (Vhl-EloC-EloB) is a member of a family of ubiquitin ligases that share a Cullin-Rbx module. VCB complex is a multiprotein complex, which consist of large modular assemblies comprising a RING domain, a scaffolding Cullin subunit, one or more adaptor proteins, and a substrate-recognition subunit. (Adapted from FBrf0129709, FBrf0240293 and PMID:15601820).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Negative Regulators of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of JAK-STAT signaling down-regulate the pathway, attenuating transcriptional control by Stat92E.
Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Cul2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V9R2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085899
3426
753
FBtr0085900
2831
753
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0085254
87.4
753
6.91
FBpp0085255
87.4
753
6.91
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

753 aa isoforms: Cul2-PA, Cul2-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Cul2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.04

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Cul2 protein is found in germline cells at all stages of development. It is enriched in pernuclear regions of the germline cells. In mid-oogenesis, the perinuclear cytoplasm is transported to the posterior end forming the pole plasm, where Cul2 continues to be expressed. Cul2 protein was also found to be present in somatic cells at all developmental stages from germarium to developing egg chambers.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Cul2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Cul2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Cul2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
4 of 14
No
No
1  
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1  
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
5 of 13
Yes
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
5 of 13
Yes
No
3 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
3 of 12
Yes
No
3 of 12
Yes
No
3 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Cul2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
7 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    suppressible
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Negative Regulators of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway -
    Negative regulators of JAK-STAT signaling down-regulate the pathway, attenuating transcriptional control by Stat92E.
    Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -
    Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-54
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    39E3-39E6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Df31k05815 and P{PZ}cul-202074&P{lacW}l(2)k08110k08110
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    39F1-39F2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (17)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (57)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          S2 cells are treated with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene to assess effect on degradation of dup and geminin genes.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: cul-2 l(2)02074

          Additional comments

          "l(2)02074" probably corresponds to "CG1512"; the P{PZ} insertion in the "l(2)0207402074" allele maps only 24bp upstream of the 5' end of the CT3821 transcript of "CG1512".

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Cul2 cul-2

          Nomenclature comments

          Renamed to be consistent with FlyBase nomenclature rules.

          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)
          Reported As
          Name Synonyms
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0010507
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (89)