FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\tal
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tal
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
tarsal-less
Annotation Symbol
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0087003
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
tarsal-less (tal) is a polycistronic transcription unit with 4 non-overlapping reading frames (tal-1A, tal-2A, tal-3A and tal-AA), which encode four peptides. Tal peptides control the post-transcriptional activation of ovo, which in turn regulates Notch signalling and F-actin organization. [Date last reviewed: 2018-01-25] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

pri, polished rice, MRE29, pncr001:3R

Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
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Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Summary (Interactive Fly)

    codes for short encoded peptides that convert Shavenbaby from a transcriptional repressor to an activator via the truncation of its N-terminal region, polycistronic message, epidermal differentiation, spatial pattern of trichomes, legs, trachea

    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    0
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    0
    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    See reports for tal-1A (CG42384), tal-2A (CG42385), tal-3A (CG42386) and tal-AA (CG42387).

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

     

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tal using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    NA

    Transcript Expression
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    Additional Descriptive Data

    tal expression was characterized in imaginal discs. In the eye disc, expression is observed in preclusters for presumptive R8 photoreceptors and in a stripe of cells in the posterior region of eye discs. In larval leg discs, expression is seen in a cluster of precursors that develop into stretch-sensing chordotonal organs. In early pupal leg discs, tal is expressed in the tarsal region and is concentrated at the presumptive joints between tarsal segments. In wing discs of third instar larvae, tal is present at the DV compartmental boundary and in two stripes of cells straddling the anterior part of the DV boundary that may be precursors for chemosensory organs. From late third instar to early pupal stages, tal is detected in provein cells that develop into longitudinal wing veins L2-L5.

    tal is expressed in stripes of cells in the distal part of tarsal segments 1 to 4 in the joint region at 4-8hr APF. The expression domain is adjacent to the bib expression domain.

    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\tal in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tal
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tal
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
    Inferred from location ( 0 )
      Variants
      Variant Molecular Consequences
      Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
      Phenotypes
      For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
      Lethality
      Allele
      Other Phenotypes
      Allele
      Phenotype manifest in
      Allele
      Orthologs
      Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
      Species\Gene Symbol
      Score
      Best Score
      Best Reverse Score
      Alignment
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
      Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
      Species\Gene Symbol
      Score
      Best Score
      Best Reverse Score
      Alignment
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
      Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
      Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
      Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
      Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
      Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
      Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
      Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
      Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
      Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tal. Refer to their site for version information.
      Paralogs
      Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
      Human Disease Associations
      FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
        Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
        Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
        Allele
        Disease
        Evidence
        References
        Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
        Human Ortholog
        Disease
        Evidence
        References
        Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
        Allele
        Disease
        Interaction
        References
        Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
        Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
        Homo sapiens (Human)
        Gene name
        Score
        OMIM
        OMIM Phenotype
        DO term
        Complementation?
        Transgene?
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Other Interaction Browsers
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        Other Interaction Browsers

        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        enhanceable
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        Recombination map
        Cytogenetic map
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        87F14-87F14
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}flfl01949 and P{lacW}trxj14A6&P{PZ}trx00347 87F14
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        87F10-87F15
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (2)
        Genomic Clones (0)
         
          cDNA Clones (0)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                    RNAi and Array Information
                    Linkouts
                    Antibody Information
                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                     
                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                     
                    Cell Line Information
                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Comments

                        tal function is independent of ovo.

                        tal has two novel features for eukaryotic coding genes: the direct translation of short, unprocessed peptides with full biological function, and their tandem arrangement in a polycistronic messenger.

                        The tal genomic region contains specific regulatory sequences spread out over a minimum of 25 kb.

                        tal is required for proper development of epithelial structures.

                        tal mutants are embryonic lethal. tal mutant embryos completely lack denticle belts and dorsal hairs, as well as taenidial folds in the tracheal system; localized signals of F-actin is not observed. Although small tal mutant clones show normal morphology, collapse of ommatidia is occasionally observed at the center of large clones. Mutant cells that abut wild type cells are morphologically normal, suggesting that tal functions in a non-cell autonomous fashion.

                        tal is required for proper embryogenesis and has an essential role in actin dynamics during denticle formation.

                        tal null mutants show a complete loss of denticles and a collapse of the tracheal network; denticle cells do not show the specific accumulation of F-actin required for the formation of cell protrusions.

                        In the leg, tal is required for the development of the whole tarsal region from tarsus one to five. The gene is not only expressed and required in the presumptive tarsal region, but also in antennae and wings, and in embryonic tissues of ectodermal origin which, undergo an invagination without losing their epithelial integrity. In the tarsus, tal controls the expression of rn and ss, and its expression is intercalated between those of B and dac.

                        In a mutant for tal the whole tarsal region from tarsus one to five does not develop. The phenotype is not due to cell death, but involves an alteration of the morphogenesis of the disc. tal acts in a non-autonomous manner.

                        New annotation (CR33327) in release 3.2 of the genome annotation.

                        Area matching Drosophila EST AA392324.

                        Relationship to Other Genes
                        Source for database merge of

                        Source for merge of: pri tal l(3)S011041

                        Additional comments

                        The tal gene represents a polycistronic transcription unit that contains several non-overlapping reading frames. The annotated non-overlapping open reading frames contained within the tal transcription unit are represented by tal-1A (CG42384), tal-2A (CG42385), tal-3A (CG42386) and tal-AA (CG42387).

                        Nomenclature History
                        Source for database identify of

                        Source for identity of: pncr001:3R CR33327

                        Source for identity of: tal pri

                        Nomenclature comments
                        Etymology

                        The gene is named "polished rice" based on the smooth cuticle phenotype of deficiencies which completely remove the transcription unit.

                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
                        Reported As
                        Secondary FlyBase IDs
                        • FBgn0053327
                        • FBgn0047214
                        • FBgn0082915
                        • FBgn0041592
                        • FBgn0028207
                        Datasets (0)
                        Study focus (0)
                        Experimental Role
                        Project
                        Project Type
                        Title
                        Study result (0)
                        Result
                        Result Type
                        Title
                        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 6 )
                        Sequence Crossreferences
                        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                        Linkouts
                        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                        References (61)